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Hydatidiform mole with a coexistent fetus is a rare occurrence with an incidence of 1 per 22000-100000 pregnancies. It is associated with persistant gestational trophoblastic tumor. Hence an early and correct diagnosis is imperative to plan subsequent management of such patients. We report a case of primigravida who presented with vaginal bleeding and severe nausae and vomiting. Expectant management was carried out for her pregnancy with finally ended in abortion.

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Background and Objective: Low electromagnetic fields (LEMF) are produced by instruments which are works with electricity. This study was done to determine the effect of LEMF on fetal death and bone marrow megakaryocytes in NMRI mouse neonates. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 64 females’ mice with 6-8 old weeks were used. 2 female mice coupled with one male, and positive vaginal plaque was interpreted as the zero day of pregnancy (GD=0). The pregnant mice were randomly categorized into control and experimental groups. The experimental group were exposed to50HZ, 0.5 mT Low electromagnetic fields on 7-11 days of pregnant period (8h/d). The weight of neonate and death fetus were studied after delivery. The live neonates were dissected on 15th day, and 1 ml of bone marrow was extracted from Tibia and vertebral column, by pressing method. The bone marrow cells suspended in 1:1 IMDM in 15cc (FULCON) tubule and cells was counted with neobar lam. The data were tested by t-student test significance was set up at p<0.05. Results: There was significant differences between the mean weight of one day neonate in cases with controls (P<0.05). The mean of dead fetus in experimental group was higher than controls (P<0.05). The mean of megakaryocytes numbers higher than controls, but this differences was not significant. Conclusion: This study showed that the number of megakaryocytes and fetal death were increased by low electromagnetic fields exposure during pregnancy.

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Background and Objective: Due to an increase in spontaneous abortions finding a safe and secure method is inevitable. Some medicinal herbs have abortifacient properties. This study was done to determine the effect of abortifacient effect of mulberry white root in mice. Methods: In this experimental study, 50 mice dams were randomly allocated into five groups including control, sham and experimental group 1, 2 and 3. Animals in control group did not receive any substance. Animals in sham group were received normal saline, intraperitoneally. Animals in experimental group 1, 2 and 3 were received doses of 50, 70 and 90 mg/kg/bw of the alcoholic extract of root of mulberry white during the 7th to 12th days of pregnancies, intraperitoneally, respectively. At the 16th day of the pregnancy the uterine tubes of mice were removed and the absorbed fetuses were recorded. Results: The mean of absorb fetuses was 7.4, 7.6, 1.8 and 3.1 in the experimental group 1, 2, 3 and sham, respectively. There was a significant relation between the mean number of aborted fetuses and concentration of strawberry root (P<0.05). The apparent anomaly in fetus was not recorded. Conclusion: Root of mulberry white has abortifacient effect with dose-dependent manner.

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Background and Objective: Hypoxia is one of the most common clinical stresses that occur during pregnancy, which has adverse effects on fetal development. Fish oil, with its antioxidant properties, prevents fetal disorders during pregnancy. This study was conducted to determine the effects of fish oil on apparent congenital abnormalities and fetal dimensions caused by hypoxia during gestation in rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 36 female pregnant Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of control, hypoxia, fish oil 0.5 ml, fish oil 1 ml, hypoxia+fish oil 0.5 ml, and hypoxia + fish oil 1 ml. Fish oil was administered by gavage, and the hypoxia model was established between 6 and 15 days of gestation by 3 hours of daily exposure to 10% oxygen and 90% nitrogen. On the 20th day of pregnancy, the embryos were removed from the uterus. First, the number of obtained embryos from each group was counted. Then, in terms of apparent abnormalities, the number of live fetuses and fetal resorption was evaluated. Finally, the length and weight of the fetuses were measured.
Results: The frequency of embryos with apparent abnormalities in the hypoxia and control groups was 18.18% and nil, respectively. The frequency of fetal resorptions in the hypoxia and control groups was 27.27% and 1.92%, respectively. Moreover, fetal weight and length were significantly reduced in the hypoxia group compared with the control group (P<0.05). However, the average weight and length of fetuses in the hypoxia groups receiving fish oil showed a significant increase compared to the hypoxia group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Hypoxia during pregnancy in rats reduces fetal body dimensions and increases fetal abnormalities. However, fish oil can reduce the harmful effects of hypoxia on apparent congenital abnormalities and fetal body dimensions during pregnancy.
 

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Background and Objective: Vaginal delivery is a natural physiological process that can be a critical experience for women. One of the factors involved in avoiding vaginal delivery is childbirth self-efficacy. Self-efficacy affects all aspects of behavior and emotional activities, including attachment. This study aimed to determine the relationship between childbirth self-efficacy and maternal attachment to the fetus in nulliparous pregnant women.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 323 nulliparous pregnant women who attended health centers in Zahedan city from 2020-2021. Data were collected using participants’ demographic questionnaire, Lowe’s childbirth self-efficacy questionnaire, and Cranely’s maternal attachment to the fetus questionnaire.
Results: Maternal attachment style to the fetus showed a significant direct correlation with childbirth self-efficacy. Maternal attachment style to the fetus predicted childbirth self-efficacy (P=0.003, r=0.16), explaining 2.7% of the variance of childbirth self-efficacy.
Conclusion: The results suggest that helping mothers accept their motherly role and improving maternal attachment to the fetus can increase childbirth self-efficacy. Educational programs during pregnancy should include training related to strengthening maternal attachment to the fetus. As women with high childbirth self-efficacy have a greater ability to perform vaginal delivery, it may increase their desire for vaginal delivery.
 

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Background and Objective: Echocardiographic measurement of ventricular elastance is essential for evaluating cardiac function. With the technological advancements in echocardiography devices, assessing fetal heart function has become more accurate. Ventricular elastance reflects ventricular function, while arterial elastance measures ventricular afterload. Ventricular-arterial coupling demonstrates the interaction between the ventricle and artery. This study aimed to estimate ventricular end-systolic elastance, arterial elastance, and ventricular-arterial coupling using a non-invasive echocardiographic method.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 67 fetuses with a gestational age of 19-24 weeks (38 female fetuses and 29 male fetuses) and 43 infants aged 10-60 days (25 female and 18 male) referred to the cardiac echocardiography clinic of the Children's Medical Center over a period of 14 months. Mothers and infants were healthy, and there was no structural heart disease in the fetuses and infants. Those with abnormal rhythm, a vague view, and an unfavorable quality of Doppler signal were excluded. Ventricular end-systolic elastance (Ea), arterial elastance (Ees), and ventricular-arterial coupling (Ea/Ees) were compared in fetuses with the calculated values in newborns. An estimation of the normal value for ventricular and arterial elastances and ventricular-arterial coupling in healthy fetuses and newborns were obtained.
Results: The mean arterial elastance of fetuses and newborns was determined as 84.4±20.04 mmHg/ml and 12.6±2.88 mmHg/ml, respectively (P<0.05). The mean ventricular elastance of fetuses and newborns was 88.5±20.49 mmHg/ml and 15.07±2.89 mmHg/ml, respectively (P<0.05). Fetal and newborn ventricular-arterial coupling were calculated as 0.96±0.14 mmHg/ml and 0.84±0.13 mmHg/ml, respectively (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The amounts of arterial and ventricular elastance and ventricular-arterial coupling in fetuses were significantly higher than infants and decreased with increasing age.