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Background & Objectives: Diabetes mellitus contains a group of common metabolic disorders that induces problems in health status. Its prevalence is increasing in the world, due to increase the rate of obesity and decrease in physical activities. This study was done to evaluate incidence of diabetes and prevalence in rural areas of Kalaleh city(North of Iran).

 

Materials & Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study all persons over 30 years old were enrolled, according to diagnosis of diabetes before 2005 or diagnosis in the screening programs (with FPG>126 in two turns) in rural areas of Kalaleh during 2005-06. After collection of demographic data with questionnaires and laboratory findings, they were entered to computer with SPSS-15 software. Central and distributive indices and incidence & prevalence of diabetes were assumed according to the whole population.

 

Results: In this study, 394 cases were enrolled. Incidence and prevalence of diabetes was 0.6% and 1.13%, respectively. Mean age of cases was 51.61 years. Male to female ratio was 0.4. Mean BMI was 29.43 kg/m² and a significant difference was seen between two gender (P<0.05). Most of the cases were Turkmen (72.8%). Illiterates were the major group (77.2%) and 1.8% had diploma or higher educational levels.

 

Conclusion: Prevalence and incidence of diabetes was lower than the other area of Iran.

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Background and Objective: Thalassemia major is a genetic disorder. Blood transfusion is critical for survival in these patients. Over the course of the past two and three decade’s hyper transfusion therapy in these patients has increased significant improvement in life expectancy and quality of life. Unfortunately this type of therapy increased the frequency of complication due to iron overloud. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalencey of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance in patients with thalassemia major, with 10-27 years of age in Tabriz. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was done on 56 patients between 10-27 years of age with thalassemia major. The demographic informaiton theraputic regiment, the age of first trasfussion. The level of blood transfusion, the history and dosage of familial history of diabetes, Fe, TIBC, ferritin levels were assessed and recorded. For each patient glucose tolerance test, blood glucose level are performed. Results: In this study prevalence of diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance test were found in 8.9%, 28.6% and 7.1% of patients respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that despite recent therapy with Desferal in the management of beta-thalassemia major, the risk of secondary endocrine dysfunction remains high. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance test are greater than general population. Endocrine evaluation in patients with thalassemia major must be carried out regularly especially in those patients over the age of 10 years.

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Background and Objective: For many reasons, having children with the desired gender has long been a concern for human societies. Some studies have shown the effect of a maternal diet pregnancy on gender ratios. Considering that during the holy month of Ramadan, women's diet is undergoing a major change, and studies about the association of such diet change, especially the mother's fasting, on the gender of the fetus are rare and the results have contradictory; the present study, was conducted, to investigate the relationship of mother's fasting in the follicular phase of the last menstrual cycle and gender of newborn.
Methods: This descriptive - analytical study was conducted on 139 pregnant women who had started their last menstrual period before their pregnancy during Ramadan and referred to midwifery clinic of Sayyad Shirazi hospital or health centers in Gorgan city for prenatal care in 2016 and 2017. The data collection tool was a checklist containing the demographic characteristics of the pregnant mother, date of the last menstruation, gestational age, number of pregnancy and days of mother fasting.
Results: 86 pregnant women (62 %) were fasting and 53 non-fasting (38%). Frequency of newborn's gender in pregnant women who were fasting was 43 boys and 43 girls and in non-fasting women were 35 and 18, respectively. The frequency of boys in non-fasting mothers was higher than girls but this difference was not significant. In analysis of simultaneous effects of variables on baby's gender, none of the variables were statistically significant with the newborn's gender. Variables such as the number of pregnancies (P=0.051) and maternal fasting (P=0.083) non significantly reduced the ratio of boy born to 30%.
Conclusion: There is no relationship between gender of babies and mother's fasting in the follicular phase of the last menstrual cycle.

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Background and Objective: Hormone and genetic disorders are the most important causes of hyperglycemia in obese and diabetes patients. This study was done to determine the effect of the resistance training program on FOXO1 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue as an effective transcription factor in insulin signaling pathways, fasting glucose and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, type 2 diabetes induced by high fat diet and Streptozotocin (STZ, 30 mg/kg/bw) intraperitoneal injection in 14 male wistar rats (220±20 g) .Animals were randomly allocated into exercise (n=7) and control (n=7) groups. Exercise group were participated in resistance training program (6 weeks, 5 days/weekly). Fasting blood glucose and insulin as well FOXO1 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue were measured lasted exercise session in the two geoups.
Results: Resistance training  significantly reduces in fasting glucose, insulin resistance and FOXO1 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue in exercise group in compared to control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Resistance training lead to decrease of insulin resistance and blood glucose by inhibiting FOXO1 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue in diabetic rats.