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Background & Objective: About 1.3 billions people are infected with Tuberculosis (TB) all over the world. There is a close relationship between the quality of TB treatment and the rate of drug resistance. The recurrence epidemy of TB and increased resistance to some drugs was the basis for the WHO to suggest the directly observed short course treatment strategy or (DOTS) strategy, for the TB patients. Materials & Methods: This research was a cohort study and aimed to evaluate the epidemiological finding, the clinical basis and strategy of DOTS on improving, and prevention from failure of treatment and was compared with non-DOTS procedure. Sample population were total of 260 smear positive patients that had been under study for a period of 2 years (1999-2000). All of the patients were new cases. SPSS software and Fisher exact test was used to analyzed the data. Results: The rate of treatment failure in DOTS strategy in the beginning of 5th month was 1.7%, but in the control group the failure in the same period was 7.3% (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study indicated that the DOTS strategy is substantially increasing the success rate of TB treatment.

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Background and Objective: Although directly observed treatment (DOT) strategy had decreased tuberculosis (TB) mortality, but in developing countries, TB is yet one of the leading cause of deaths. Inappropriate treatment regimens and poorly planned and one of the TB control programs have contributed to rise in its incidence. The purpose of this study was to describe knowledge, attitude and compliance with tuberculosis treatment. Materials and Methods: This sescriptive – analytic study was done on 167 tuberculosis patients in Ahvaz-Iran during 2009. A questionnaire, observation, sputum smear, potts – cozart test (for detect of isoniazide metabolites in urine) was used for data collection. Reability of questionarie was determined by alpha-cronbach correlation method (α=0.81). Data analyzed with Chi-Square test. Results: The findings showed that 52.7%, 35.3% and 12% of the patients demonstrated good, midscores and poor adherence to drug regiment respectively. Also there was a significant relation beween control of medication and knowledge and attitude in tuberculosis patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that a half of patients used medication according to DOT strategy, knowledge and attitude were effective on quality of adherence to the medication.