---

---

Background and Objective: Computerized tomographic angiography (CTA) is a minimally invasive modality to image the vasculature without the morbidity of direct large vessel vasculature access and its major indications in urology are assessment of the renal vasculature in preparation for donor nephrectomy, identification of extravessel in evaluation of ureteropelvic junction obstruction and for diagnosis of renal artery stenosion. This study was done to evaluate vescels of kidney donors using CTA and formal angiography and comparison with intraoperative findings. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, kidney vessels of 70 and 30 living kidney donor were assessed with computerized tomographic angiography and formal angiography respectively. The pattern of vessels of kidney during operation were examined. Two observers assessed the findings of preoperative CTA and formal angiography with intra operation observations. Results: In CTA group there were two patients each with two main renal veins which were observed during operation was not recorded on computerized tomographic angiography. In formal angiography group there was one patient with unrevealed two main renal veins prior to surgery. In both groups, the accuracy of anatomical diagnosis of the main kidney artery were 100%. Conclusion: This study showed that kidney vascular assessment by either the computed tomography angiography or formal angiography have similar clinical diagnostic accuracy.

---

Background and Objective: Cholelithiasis have concomitant with biliary tract stones (BTS) in about 10-15% of the affected patients. This study was carried out to compare the specificity and the sensitivity of ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT scan) with the endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP) for detecting of the biliary tract stones and to evaluate the efficacy of the ERCP therapy. Methods: In this descriptive study, 135 patients suspected of BTS whom were candidate for the ERCP were gone under investigation. Ultrasonography of the gallbladder, liver, biliary tract, oral and IV contrast of abdominal CT scan and the ERCP were conducted for each patient. ERCP was considered as key critria to define BTS. The specificity and sensitivity of the ultrasonography and CT scan and the success rate of the therapeutic ERCP was estimated. Results: BTS were observed in 112 patients by ERCP method. The specificity and sensitivity of the ultrasonography was 72.3% and 73.9%, respectively. The specificity and sensitivity of the CT scan was 50.8% and 91.3%, respectively. The success rate of the therapeutic ERCP was estimated as 76.9%. Conclusion: Ultrasonography as a non-invasive, non-expensive and well sensitivity method which is recommended in patient screening of biliary tract stones in compare to ERCP and CT scan.

---

Background and Objective: Many surgeries are performed on anterior region of mandible. Incisive branch of the inferior alveolar nerve is located in the anterior region of mandible. The identification of various form of nerve is important for diagnosis and treatment plan. This study was carried out to the assessment of visibility and extension rate of incisive branch of the inferior alveolar nerve in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imagings. Methods: This descriptive – analytic study was performed on 105 CBCT images. The presences or absence of incisive branch of the inferior alveolar nerve and assessment of visibility and extension rate of mandibular incisive canal were studied. Results: In 79% extension of the incisive branch of the inferior alveolar nerve were observed. 18.07% of extensions were observed in one-side and 78.31% were bilateral. Extension of the incisive branch of the inferior alveolar nerve was observed to central, lateral and canine tooth in 59%, 26.5% and 14.5% respectively. There was no significant relation beween gender and age of subjects with extension of the incisive branch of the inferior alveolar nerve. Conclusion: Regarding the high visibility of the incisive nerve branches in the lower dental CBCT images this method can be used to evaluate the anterior region of mandible.

---

Background and Objective: Maxillary sinus gradually extends laterally and inferiorly during pneumatization, and lamina dura of molar and premolar teeth can make a part of sinus floor. Knowledge about this anatomic relationship is essential to prevent complications paticularly iatrogenic perforation of sinus floor. Limitations of periapical and panoramic radiographs to visualization of this relationship led to the usage of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This study was aimed to evaluate the vertical and horizontal relationship between roots of maxillary molars and sinus floor in CBCT images.
Methods: In this descriptive cross sectional study, ninety-five samples were selected of patients in Department of oral and maxillofacial radiology in Tabriz, Iran using simple randomization. Mean age of patients was 32.5 years old. Images were made by VGi cone beam Newtom and reconstructed by NNT viewer version 2.17. The vertical and horizontal relationship between roots of 139 maxillary first and 126 second molar teeth and floor of sinus evaluated.
Results: Type 2 was the most common relationship among the first and second molars, vertically (the inferior wall of the sinus located below the level connecting the buccal and palatal root apices,without an apical protrusion) and horizontally (the alveolar recess of the inferior wall of the sinus located between the buccal and palatal roots). There was a significant relationship between the type of tooth and sinus floor (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Most of the maxillary molar roots were in contact with sinus floor and sinus floor was extended mostly between buccal and palatal roots vertically and horizontally, respectively. Attention to sinus involvement possibility during interventions in maxillary molar region is important.

---

Understanding maxillary sinus hypoplasia (MSH) and associated sinonasal variants is crucial for the success of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in maxillary sinus and maxillary dental implant surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate a rare case of unilateral maxillary sinus hypoplasia associated with lower orbital floor displacement, without involving the Uncinate process. A 31-year-old woman presented to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Babol Dental School for rhinoplasty without any complaints of headache or nasal congestion. She had no history of trauma, congenital or bone diseases/abnormalities. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images revealed left maxillary sinus hypoplasia, lower orbital floor, and increased thickening of the sinus mucosa. The patient's photograph also showed lower displacement of the orbital floor. The diagnosis of unilateral maxillary sinus hypoplasia in this study was based on clinical manifestations and coronal views of CBCT and CT scans. Symptoms of hypoplastic sinus include chronic headache, facial pain, voice problems, or may sometimes be asymptomatic. If the surgeon is not aware of the hypoplasticity of the sinus, complications during surgery may increase, including post-surgery complications such as visibility of the low orbital floor and resulting patient confusion. This study highlights the importance of using CBCT as a valuable diagnostic tool to identify anatomical variations and details of the hypoplastic sinus. This approach helps the surgeon to inform the patient and provide an appropriate treatment plan, especially in cases involving dental implants or sinus surgery.
 

---

Background and Objective: Sinus extension is a physiological process that occurs in the growth cells of the paranasal sinuses and leads to increasing their volume over time, causing challenges in the dental implant process. This study was conducted to evaluate maxillary sinus morphometrics by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on the CBCT images of 100 people (52 male and 48 female) with a mean age of 45.32 ± 17.41 and the age range of 27 to 63 years referring to an oral and maxillofacial specialized radiology clinic in Babol, Iran during 2019. The amount of maxillary sinus extension in the panoramic-like view was recorded based on the amount of its extension in terms of the first anterior tooth and the last posterior tooth. In the new net technologies (NNT) software, in the section related to creating panoramic-like views, first, in the axial sections, the starting point of the maxillary sinus was specified from the occlusal side, and the mediolateral dimensions were measured at distances of 3 mm above and 3 mm below.
Results: The highest amount of maxillary sinus progress in the right anterior side was related to the mesial of tooth 5 (15%), and the highest amount of sinus progress in the left anterior side was related to the distal of tooth 3 (15%) and the mesial of tooth 4 (15%), which had no statistically significant differences. The most progress in the anterior area was related to the distal of the canine tooth and the mesial of the first premolar. The mean mediolateral sinus progress at 3 mm above the right nasal floor was higher in females than in males (P<0.05). Gender and age had no statistically significant relationship with maxillary sinus progress.
Conclusion: The maxillary sinus progress was almost equal in the left and right sides and also in males and females.