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Background and Objective: Leptin has a key role in obesity and type 2 of diabetes. This study was done to compare the effects of eight weeks aerobic and combined training on serum levels of leptin and glucose in type 2 diabetic men. Method: This clinical trial study was performed on 24 men with type 2 diabetes whom reffered to Taleghani Hospital in Kermanshah, West of Iran during June to August 2012. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups including aerobic training, combined training (aerobic and resistance training) and control groups. Training protocols included three 1-hour sessions per week for eight weeks. Subjects in the control group did not participate in any physical activities. Serum levels of leptin and glucose were measured 48 hours before and 48 hours after intervention as fasting values in pre-and post-tests. Results: There was no significant difference between groups at pre-test for serum levels of leptin and glucose. After intervention, serum level of glucose in the aerobic group and serum level of glucose and leptin in the combined group were significantly reduced in compared to the controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic and combined training with beneficial effects on the sera glucose level are recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes. However, combined training, regarding reducing leptin level seems to be more useful for these subjects.

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Background and Objective: Opium consumption and addiction can negatively affect on pulmonary and physical function. This study was done to determine the effect of the combined training with different intensities on pulmonary and physical function in addicted men.
Methods: This quesi-experimental study was carried out on 30 addicted men with an average age of 37.6±7.1 years, who were under treatment in Sabzevar city rehabilitation center in north-east of Iran during Fall of 2015. The subjects were non-randomly divided into three equal groups including control, the first intervention group, and the second intervention group. The control group did not participate in any training program. The interventional groups participated in an aerobic and resistance training period for six weeks (four times a week). The training intensities of the first and second intervention groups were 50-65% and 65-80% of HRmax or 1RM, respectively. Preior and after the training period, spirometry tests, maximal oxygen uptake, strength and endurance of upper body muscles and special strength of respiratory muscles were measured from all of the subjects.
Results: The both intervention groups improved the peak expiratory flow index compared to control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, the peak expiratory flow index significantly increased in the second intervention group compared to the first intervention group. There was no significant difference in the indices of special strength of respiratory muscles, maximal aerobic power, and maximal voluntary ventilation between the three groups .Upper body muscles' endurance and strength, forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity parameters significantly increased in the second intervention group compared to the control group. The forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity ratio index significantly increased in the  two interventional groups compared to control group (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the first and second interventional groups.
Conclusion: The performance of aerobic and resistance trainings  with higher intensity improves indices of the forced vital capacity, the forced expiratory volume in the first second, and upper body muscles' strength and endurance of addicted males.