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Background and Objective: Recent studies have shown that diabetes induced cognitive dysfunction and impairs learning and memory. Palmatine is an isoquinoline alkaloid, and has multiple pharmacological effects, including anti-diabetic and antioxidant activity. This study was conducted, to evaluate the effect of Palmatine on learning and spatial memory impairment in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on the male Wistar rats (n=32) with approximate weight of 240±40 grams. The rats were randomly allocated and were divided into 4 groups (n=8): Control, Palmatine-treated non-diabetic, diabetic and Palmatine-treated diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by STZ administration at the dose of 55 mg/kg through intraperitoneal route. Palmatine hydrochloride was administered subcutaneous at doses of 10 mg/kg/day 1 week after STZ injection for a period of 6 weeks. Blood samples were taken from the tail vein 1, 3, 5, 7 weeks after STZ injection to measure blood glucose levels. Behavioral tests including spatial recognition and objective recognition were performed at the end of study. Data were analyzed by using Prism-5, one way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: In spatial recognition test, the number of entrance in new arm of the Ymaze, in the Palmatine-treated groups significantly increased in compare to diabetic group in both sixth and seventh weeks (P<0.05). Number of rearing in new arm significantly increased in sixth and seventh weeks, compare to the diabetic group (P<0.05). The number of recognition novel objects in the Palmatine-treated diabetic group significantly increased in compare to diabetic group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Palmatine hydrochloride administration for 6 weeks improves cognitive dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

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Background and Objective: One of the most common complications of mild cognitive impairment is increased body sway and falls. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Pilates training on control posture in patients with mild cognitive impairment.
Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 30 women with mild cognitive impairment who referred to elderly Research Center in Kermanshah city, north-west of Iran during 2019. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups including Pilates Training and control groups. Pilates training group was trained for eight weeks, 3 sessions per week and duration for each session was one hour. The control posture of the subjects before and after the exercise was evaluated.
Results: There was significant difference in obtained scores in the size and distance of the center of pressure area range with open and closed eyes in the intervention group, prior and after training (P<0.05). The mean postural control (the size and distance of the center of pressure area range with open and closed eyes) reduced after 8 weeks of Pilates exercises in the intervention group in compared to control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Pilates training is effective in improving postural control in patients with mild cognitive impairment.