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Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Histologic grading is one of the prognostic factors in breast cancer. The present study performed in analytic descriptive method and based on the slide review of beast biopsies received in the pathology department of 5th Azar Hospital from 1976 to 1978, and on the basis of Bloom-Richardson criteria (Mitoses, tubule formation and nuclear pleomorphism). The results are consist of: 1) Infiltrating duct carcinoma is the most common histopathologic form, and tubular carcinoma is the least common 2) The most common age is 36-45 years 3) There is meaningful relationship between mitoses and tubule formation and between pleomorphism and tubule formation. But there is no relation between nuclear pleomorphism and tubule formation in the tumor. Histologic grading of breast carcinoma should be reported by pathologist for clear determination of prognosis and also the best choice for management of the tumors.

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Cutaneous metastasis from carcinoma of the larynx are very rare. We observed a 75-year-old male patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx who developed a subcutaneous nodule as an abscess presentation in the buttock. It was found to be a metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the laryngeal cancer, histopathologically. The skin manifestations proceeded laryngeal metastases by 18 months after laryngectomy and radical neck dissection. After 3 months, the patient died. Cutaneous metastasis of laryngeal carcinoma should be considered in all patients with previous laryngeal carcinoma representing with cutaneous lesion.

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Background & Objective: Surgery and /or radiotherapy are major local treatments for esophageal carcinoma. The results of radiotherapy alone have been unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of definitive chemoradiotherapy for patients with esophageal SCC.

 

Materials & Methods: This prospective histological descriptive study was done on 190 nonmetastatic esophageal SCC patients which received definitive chemoradiotherapy (55-64 Gy, Cisplatin 80-100 mg/m2 day 1-5FU 750-1000 mg/m2, 24h infusion days 1-4) with curative intent in cancer research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences between Jan 2000-Jan 2004. At least one course of chemotherapy was prescribed concurrently with radiotherapy.

 

Results: There were 99 male and 91female patients with the median age of 65 (range, 25-87). The median radiation dose prescribed was 60 Gy (range, 55-64) and median chemotherapy courses was 4 (range, 1-8). With a median follow-up time of 12 months (range, 3-60), one, two and three-year survival rates were 67.8%, 48.7% and 36.3% respectively and median survival was 22 months. Reduction of symptoms was shown in 84% of patients with dysphagia. 109 patients remained disease free with a median follow-up of 14 months (range, 3-60), among which 34 were followed more than 24 months. We found 81 cases (42.6%) with treatment failure during the follow-up (34 locoregional failure, 14 distant metastases, 33 distant metastases accompanied with locoreginal failure).

 

Conclusion: Although definitive chemoradiotherapy can result in long term disease free survival and even cure in a subset of patients with SCC of esophagus, locoregional failure and distant metastasis has remained the main causes of treatment failure.

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Adrenocarcinoma is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. As a practical classification, adrenal carcinomas divide to two categories: functional and nonfunctional. Adjurent radiotherapy and chemotherapy is useful for palliation. The aim of this report is to introduce one case of large nonfunctional adrenocarcinoma. A 46 years old-male with ambiguous abdomen pain and orchidoepididymitis reffered to clinic in 2006. Physical examination revealed grade III fixed varicocele with left orchidoepididymitis. Sonography and computed tomography scan showed a massive lesion on left adrenal. Adrenal function test was normal, therefore nonfunctional adrenocarcinoma is diagnosed. This patient underwent open adrenalectomy. Then the patient introduced to chemoradiotherapy in oncology center. After six months, the patient suffered from multiple liver metastasis and one year later was expired.

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Background and Objective: The diagnosis of oral lesions can be more difficult than skin lesions, it either may be missed, or have no difference in color with near mucosa. The correct diagnosis is important, because treatment and prognosis either of them is different. The purpose of this study was to survey the pathological oral lesions in Ahwaz the capital city of Khozestan rpovince in South-West of Iran. Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive cross sectional study was done on 588 pathologic specimen, types of oral lesions, on patients referred to department of pathology, Imam Khomeini hospital in Ahwaz, since 1994 to end of 2004. Results: The mucosal oral lesions were more common in women than men (305 cases, 54%), the most lesions were benign (461 cases), the numerous lesions were nonspecific, most of the patients were in range of 20-30 years. The most common malignant tumor was squamous cell carcinoma and the rarest malignant tumor was malignant melanoma that all of them were on lower lip. The most common site for lesions was lower lip (155 cases, %27.6). The malignant cases were more common in men than women. Conclusion: This study showed the benign mucosal oral lesions were more common in female, than males. The lower lip was the most common site which is similar to other reports. Squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest malignant tumor which has a correlation with other studies.

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Background and Objective: Colorectal carcinoma accounts for nearly 10% of all incident cancers. The stage of the disease is the most important prognostic factor. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of some presumed prognostic factors on the survival rate of patients with nonmetastatic rectal adenocarcinoma.

Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 76 patients (m/f:40/36) with nonmetastatic rectal adenocarcinoma whome were referred to oncology department of Omid Hospital between 2001-06 were evaluated. All patients underwent surgical resection and those with T3-T4 and/or lymph node involvement received adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Disease free survival was assessed from the date of diagnosis to the date of recurrence using Kaplan-Meyer method. Log-rank test was used to compare survival curves between groups. Multivariate analysis was performed using stepwise backward Cox Proportional Regression method.

Results: Stages 1, 2 and 3 were detected in 4, 34 and 38 cases. 48 patients had well differentiated tumors. 11 cases presented with obstruction. With a median follow up time of 18 months, 17 patients experienced recurrence. For all cases 3-year survival rate was 68.2%. The 3-year survival rate was significantly better for stage 1,2 compared to stage 3, patient without obstruction compared to those presented with obstruction, cases older than 50 compared to younger patients and patients with well differentiated tumor compared to moderately or poor differentiated tumors (P<0.05). The gender and the site of tumor had not significant effects on survival. In multivariate analysis only stage of the disease remained significant predictor of survival (p<0.05).

Conclusion: This study confirmed that the stage of the disease is the most important predictor of survival. Although younger ages (<50), moderately or poorly differentiated tumor and presence of obstruction at diagnosis were associated with decreased survival in univariate calculations, they lost their significance in multivariate analysis.

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Background and Objective: Change in the cell surface and extracellular matrix glycoconjugates has been reported in many cancers. Moreover, diagnostic and prognostic importance of these substances and also their roles in therapeutic modalities for cancerous patients has been emphasized. This study was designed to explore the histochemical study of cellular mucopolysaccharides in esophageal and gastric carcinoma and its relation to tumor differentiation. Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study tissue samples of 40 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 40 patients with stomach adenocarcinoma in different grades of tumor were selected from pathology department of Emam Reza hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Tissue samples were stained with Alcian Blue (PH 1 and PH 2.5) for Sulfated and Carboxylated mucosubstances respectively, along with positive and negative controls. Results: Normal esophageal epithelium and carcinoma cells of different grades showed negative reactivity but normal and tumoral stromal cells depicted positive staining in both PHs. In PH 1, normal glandular and carcinoma cells of the stomach were negative but in PH 2 glandular cells were positive though carcinoma cells showed weakly staining. Normal and tumoral gastric stromal cells showed positive staining in PH 1 and PH 2.5. Conclusion: It is highly probable that in the process of cancerization of normal esophageal squamous cells, functional changes, from the perspective of producing Carboxylated and Sulfated mucosubstances, do not occur, whereas some changes in glandular cells of stomach which result in diminishing the production of Carboxylated mucosubstances during cancerization process are observable.

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Background and Objective: Glycodelin expression in normal and cancerous human breast tissue and its relation with age, tumor type, microscopic grade and metastasis to axillary lymph nodes recently were noticed. This study was done to evaluate the glycodelin expression in breast cancer. Methods: In this descriptive study, 96 Paraffin-embedded blocks of malignant breast cancer by immunohistochemistry method were considered to evaluate the expression of glycodelin. Patients age,tumor size, tumor type, microscopic grade and metastasis to axillary lymph nodes were recorded for each subject. Results: Glycodelin was found in 30.45% of invasive carcinoma of the breast with axillary lymph node metastasis. Glycodelin was expressed in 72.7% of carcinoma of the breast without lymph nodes metastasis (P<0.05). There was a significant relation between glycodelin expression with microscopic grade 1 of tumor and metastasis to less than 4 of lymph nodes (P<0.05). Conclusion: Glycodelin expression can be evidence for lack of axillary lymph node metastasis of breast cancer.

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Background and Objective: Squamous carcinoma accounts for the majority of esophageal carcinoma worldwide. This study was done to evaluate the survival rate of patients with esophageal cancer in Iran.

Methods: This historical cohort study was carried outon 105 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma whom admitted to Firoozgar hospital in Tehran, Iran during 2009-14. Patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were treated with chemoradiation either with or without surgery.

Results: The mean age of patients was 63 years. Frequency of esophageal cancer in both sexes in the age group 51-60 years was higher than other groups. 5-year survival in patients with esophageal cancer treated with chemoradiation without surgery was 9.5% and in patients treated with chemoradiation with surgery was 31.7 % (P<0.05). One-year, three-year and five-year survival rate in patients were treated with chemoradiation with or without surgery was 68.5%, 38% and 22.8%, respectively.

Conclusion: The survival rate of patients with esophageal cancer is very low, but the treatment with chemoradiation with surgery can increase life expectancy of patients.

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Background and Objective: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and ranks second in terms of mortality rate. This study was conducted in order to determine the personal, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of women with breast lesions referred to the Dr. Beski Hospital in Gonbad-e Kavus, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 130 women with breast lesions (benign and malignant) who were operated on in the Dr. Beski Hospital from March 2019 to March 2020. Demographic data (age, family history, and ethnicity) and pathology results (grade, lesion type, surgery type, location, and tumor size) were recorded.
Results: Breast lesions were malignant in 51.53% of the patients. The most common malignant tumor was invasive ductal carcinoma (71.64%), and the most common benign tumor was fibroadenoma (69.84%). Most malignant cases were observed in patients aged 41-50 years (43.28%). Almost half of the studied population (49.15%) had no positive family history, and about a quarter of the patients had at least one first or second-degree relative with breast cancer. Most patients (44.78%) had grade II malignant tumors. In addition, 78.51% of the subjects had not undergone chemotherapy before breast surgery. About half of the patients (49.57%) did not undergo any adjuvant treatment after surgery; however, chemotherapy was the most common type of adjuvant treatment (13.68%) after surgery. Simultaneous chemotherapy and radiotherapy were performed for 24.78% of the patients after surgery. There were statistically significant relationships between age and type of lesion and adjuvant treatments after the operation, and involvement of lymph nodes was observed (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant relationship between age, tumor size, family history, and tumor malignancy (P<0.05). There was a significant correlation between age and tumor malignancy (P=0.02, F (2.48) = 4.19) so the degree of malignancy was higher in younger individuals.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed the young age of developing malignant breast lesions in the study area. Most malignant lesions are invasive ductal carcinoma and grade II. There is a positive relationship between a family history of cancer and the classification of breast tumors.
 

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Background and Objective: Prostate cancer is a malignancy affecting men. Identifying risk factors for prostate cancer is crucial for the potential development of interventions and expanding our biological understanding of this disease. The present study investigated the association of rs1800896 and rs1800896 with prostate adenocarcinoma.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 176 men, including 78 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma (case group) and 98 men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (control group), who visited the Labafinejad Educational and Treatment Center in Tehran, Iran. Genotyping was performed using the Tetra ARMS-PCR (amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction) method.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the case and control groups in the genotype frequency of rs1800896 and rs1465618. However, the rs1800896 polymorphism was associated with PSA levels less than or equal to 4 ng/mL (P<0.05). Significant associations were found between rs1800896 and rs1465618 polymorphisms and clinical features, such as perineural invasion (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The rs1800896 and rs1465618 polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of prostate adenocarcinoma.

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Renal cavernous hemangioma is a rare benign tumor. This case report describes a 44-year-old male who was incidentally found to have a renal mass during an abdominal and pelvic ultrasound. The patient's abdominal ultrasound revealed a mass, which was further evaluated with a CT scan. The CT findings suggested renal cell carcinoma. Suspecting malignancy, the patient underwent radical nephrectomy. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations ultimately diagnosed the mass as a cavernous hemangioma. Despite its benign nature, the patient was followed up with a control ultrasound three months post-surgery. This case is presented due to the significant clinical and radiological resemblance of this tumor to renal carcinomas, highlighting the importance of considering benign tumors in differential diagnoses.