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The word human population has been terrified nay AIDS. The barbers are persons that work with sharp tools. If their instruments become infected, they can transmit the infection to others. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the barber’s knowledge, attitude and performance about AIDS prevention. This project is a descriptive study on 150 selected barbers. The methodology of research was a set up questionnaires, that have been completed by the barbers. The results showed that, their knowledge, performance about the AIDS are moderate (50%, 48.43%) and their attitude are weak. Performance among men and women is significant (P?0.02) in addition correlation between knowledge and attitude, attitude and performance are significant, according to the duration of working as barber (P?0.01). In general knowledge, attitude and performance among barbers are weak, therefore it is suggested that health and hygienic official teach the barbers how to behave in this regard.

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Background and objective: Nosocomial infections are the important problems in health care centers in the world. Incidence rate in different countries is very variable and has been reported about 5% to 15%. This research was done for ascertainment of level of knowledge, attitude and practice of employed nurses to nosocomial infection in teaching hospitals of Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive and analytical study, total number of employed nurses (518), 189 male and 328 female. The research carried out using a questionnaire. The data was used to analyze the data SPSS software. Results: Results of research showed that 26.5% of nurses had very low knowledge, 63.9% medium knowledge and 9.6% good knowledge. About attitude 52.4% had negative attitude, 36.4% medium and 11.2% positive attitude. About practice 37.1% had poor practice, 49% medium and 15.9% good practice. In this research between attitude and knowledge, knowledge and practice there was not any meaningful correlation but difference between attitude and practice was statistically significant. Conclusions: The nurses are playing important role in prevention and control of nosocomial infection. So, it is necessary for nurses to have enough knowledge about how to control the infection and to have positive attitude, if they want to do their job property.

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Background&Objective: Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder in the world, The prevalence rate in developing countries is higher than developed countries, and also affecting a large number of child and women. The main purpose of this study was to promot the knowledge, attitude and practice of girl student in Ghaemshahr in order to prevent iron deficiency anemia. Materials&Methods: This study was an educational intervention to evaluate the effect of education on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (K.A.P) in intervention and control groups (each group: 300) among female students in Ghaemshahr. The data was gathered using a questionnaire (include the demographic information, some of question related to knowledge, attitude, practice. K.A.P were assessed before and also 1.5 month after implementation of educational program using the questionnaire, collected data was analyzed by SPSS (11.5), STATA (8.0). Results: There was not significant difference between K.A.P in study group before implementation of educational intervention, but there is a significant increase between K.A.P after interventional education in intervention group. Educational intervention was promoted knowledge mounting to 15 score, 5 score to promote attitude and 1.6 score to improve the practice. There was significant relation between mother education, father job with their knowledge and class with their attitude, also mother education with their practice. Conclusion: The results indicated that improvement of knowledge could prevent iron deficiency anemia, thus emphasis on the health education in adolescent age is necessary to promote K.A.P.

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Background & Objective: Hypertension is the most important Cardio-Vascular risk factor, and also the most common cause of heart failure, stroke and renal failure. This semi-experimental study aimed at determining the effect of education, by means of Health Belief Model (HBM), on nurse’s staff knowledge, attitude and their practice toward hypertension. Materials & Methods: This semi-experimental study was done on 136 nurse’s staff selected by stratified random sampling. Data collection instrument were a questionnaire and a check-list. At first, the subjects’ knowledge, attitude and their Practice were studied by a questionnaire and a check list, and then a HBM-based educational program was carried out. For three months, Afterwards, their knowledge, attitude and practice were measured and compared with pretest findings. In statistical analysis, Wilcox on test, independent t test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation. Results: Before education the mean score of knowledge, benefit perceived, barrier perceived, threat perceived, attitude and practice was 9.68, 23.76, 25.63, 22.82, 71.99 and 4.55 respectively. After education these scores reached 16.66, 26.06, 28.94, 24.98, and 80.08 and 4.83. Based on the results, nurse’s staff training via HBM led to high knowledge, positive attitude and practice improvement (p<0.05).The difference between this research variables such as age, gender, marital status, record of service and family background was not significant, But there was significant difference between variables (occupational levels, educational levels, and hospital ward) and knowledge and practice. Furthermore, the relation between hospital ward and attitude was positive (p<0.05). Conclusion: In terms of the results, it is a necessity for nurse’s staff to participate in a HBM based educational program.

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Background and Objective: The compound of MDMA or 3,4methyl deoxy met amphetamine, so called ecstasy, is a new narcotice compound. Ecstasy tablets have a temporary exciting and deteriorating side effects. This study was done to determine the knowledge and attitude of University students about ecstasy tablets in Gorgan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive - analytic study was done on 300 university students in Gorgan during 2006. The tools of data collection were questionnaire. This questionnaire developed by authors, consists of demographic, knowledge and attitude questions respectively. The data were analized by SPSS software and Kruskal- Wallis and Mann- Whitney tests. Results: 3% of subjects had previous usage of ecstasy. The 27.3% of students had poor knowledge about ecstasy, also 52.3% and 12.7% of students had middle and high knowledge about ecstasy respectivly. There was significant relation between knowledge and attitude with educational level, family income, parents occupation and previous usage of ecstasy (P<0.05). But there was not any relation between knowledge and attitude and age, gender, and filed of education and source of information enquiry. There was a possitive correlation between knowledge and attitude of students (P<0.001, r=0.243). Conclusion: This study showed that knowledge and attitude of University students about ecstasy is low. Therefore educational programs about ecstasy is nessecery to increase the knowledge and attitude of university students.

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Background and Objective: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a definition of dysfunction of immune system in human that is induced by infection with a virus named human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most high risk group in HIV infected people are intravenous drug users (IDUs) with unsafe sex. This study was conducted to evaluate knowledge and attitude of IDUs with unsafe sex about AIDS and relation with socioeconomic levels in Golestan province in North of Iran. Materials and Methods: This Cross-Sectional study was conducted on 134 IDUs in Golestan province during 2007. Samples were chosen by a random systematic method. Data was collected with interview by standard questionnaire. Data was analyzed by SPSS-16 and One-way ANOVA,T-test student, Kruskal-wallis, Mann-Whitney U and Kendall tests. Results: This study showed that 36.6% of samples had moderate knowledge about AIDS and 49.3% of them had negative attitude about AIDS. 67% of subjects had education between 6-12 years, 44.8% were married and 53% were jobless and without income. Level of knowledge had a significant relation with age (P<0.05) and education level (P<0.05). Older subjects had better knowledge. Level of knowledge in 25-34 years group was higher than other age. Well educated people had higher knowledge compared with low educated and illitrate subjects. Level of knowledge had a significant relation with attitude (P<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that 65% of subjects with high risk behavior on HIV/AIDS had a appropriate knowledge about transmission of HIV, but half of these population have a poor HIV/AIDS attitude.

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Background and Objective: Although directly observed treatment (DOT) strategy had decreased tuberculosis (TB) mortality, but in developing countries, TB is yet one of the leading cause of deaths. Inappropriate treatment regimens and poorly planned and one of the TB control programs have contributed to rise in its incidence. The purpose of this study was to describe knowledge, attitude and compliance with tuberculosis treatment. Materials and Methods: This sescriptive – analytic study was done on 167 tuberculosis patients in Ahvaz-Iran during 2009. A questionnaire, observation, sputum smear, potts – cozart test (for detect of isoniazide metabolites in urine) was used for data collection. Reability of questionarie was determined by alpha-cronbach correlation method (α=0.81). Data analyzed with Chi-Square test. Results: The findings showed that 52.7%, 35.3% and 12% of the patients demonstrated good, midscores and poor adherence to drug regiment respectively. Also there was a significant relation beween control of medication and knowledge and attitude in tuberculosis patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that a half of patients used medication according to DOT strategy, knowledge and attitude were effective on quality of adherence to the medication.

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Background and Objective: Environmental hazards are one of the most important threats to human health. The dramatic increase in population and new lifestyles has led to a variety of environmental problems and outbreaks of illness. This study was conducted to determine the attitude and knowledge in environmental behavior of citizens of Gorgan city, north of Iran.
Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 400 people (209 men and 191 women) in Gorgan citizens in northern Iran during 2017. A multi-stage sampling method was used to select the samples. The city of Gorgan was divided into 3 categories according to urban divisions, and the neighborhoods within the classes were considered as clusters. 40% of the neighborhoods were randomly assigned to each study. The instruments used for collecting data were demographic questionnaire and knowledge, attitude and environmental behavior questionnaires.
Results: The level of environmental attitudes and environmental knowledge of the citizens was poor and their Pro-environment behavior was highly valued. Persons with higher age, higher education and level of employment had better environmental behaviors (P<0.05). There was a significant and inverse relationship between environmental attitude and environmental behavior (P<0.05). Increasing
bio-environmental knowledge led to an increase in bio-environmental behavior (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The level of knowledge and environmental attitude of Gorgan citizens was weak and their pro-environmental behaviors were strong.

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Background and Objective: Periodontal disease has high prevalence in diabetic patients and the knowledge of them about the relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease is effective in the control of the blood glucose and progression of periodontitis. This study was done to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of diabetic patients about periodontal disease in Gorgan north of Iran.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was done on 300 type 1 and 2 diabetic patients (136 males & 164 females) whom referred to governmental health centers in Gorgan, northern Iran during 2019. Demographic information, knowledge, attitude and practice were recorded using a questionnaire.
Results: The level of good knowledge, attitude and practice were evaluated 51.7%, 44.3% and 25%, respectively. There was significant association between oral hygiene practice and gender and education (P<0.05). Good practice was observered more in females and in patients.
Conclusion: More than half of diabetic patients had moderate to good knowledge and attitude about periodontal disease but their practice was moderate to poor.

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Background and Objective: brucellosis is one of the most common zoonosis diseases. Brucellosis is a systemic disease and affected several organs and tissue in human. This study was performed to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice about brucellosis control among livestock farmers.
Methods: This descriptive-analytic study, was performed on 300 rural literate livestock farmers in BuinZahra, Qazvin Iran during 2019. The knowledge, attitude, and practice, the related factors and demographic characteristics such as age, education level and family count were evaluated by structured six-part questionnaire including 30 questions.
Results: The mean age of the subjects was 41.3±16.4 years. Although 90.7% had heard of brucellosis, only 14% had previous trained. There was a positive attitude about the use of methods to reduce the risk of infection in the family and the seriousness of the issue of animal brucellosis in 19% and 64% of cases, respectively. About 94.7% were attended to veterinarian in suspected cases and 96.7% examined the new animals. 97% were uses of new cheese and milk but the milk was boiled by 89.3%. The mean knowledge was 5.3 ranging from 0 to 8 points in them. There was a statistically significant difference in the knowledge score of individuals according to the information source (P<0.05). Knowledge score and number of household members had positive correlation (r=0.135, P=0.019).
Conclusion: There is medium-level knowledge about brucellosis in livestock farmers. The attitude and some actions (such as dealing with infected livestock) needed to be improved. The probable reason is the high cost of behavior modification in some areas, which has provided the gap between knowledge, attitude and behavior in this area.

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Background and Objective: Nutritional knowledge can affect food choices and, as a result, sports performance. The study of nutritional knowledge, attitude, and performance in athletes can play a fundamental role in choosing the type of training and adapting suitable dietary interventions. This study was done to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and nutritional performance of male bodybuilding athletes in Gorgan, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was done on 104 male bodybuilding athletes over 18 years old with a history of at least three months of continuous bodybuilding who were randomly selected from 13 bodybuilding clubs in Gorgan, Iran during 2020. Parmenter and Wardle’s standard questionnaire measured athletes’ nutritional knowledge, attitude, and performance. The questionnaire was completed by the athletes with the guidance of the researcher. A trained nutritionist collected anthropometric and body composition data using an Omron BF511 device.
Results: Poor nutritional knowledge, poor dietary attitude and poor nutritional performance was observed in 67.3%, 33.65% and 77.88% of the athletes respectively. A significant correlation was observed between nutritional knowledge with weight (r=0.23, P=0.02), BMI (r=0.27, P=0.01), and body fat percentage (r=0.22, P=0.02). Also A significant correlation was determined between nutritional performance with body weight (r=0.31, P<0.001), BMI (r=0.27, P<0.001), exercise time per week (r=0.22, P=0.02), and exercise timespan (r=0.32, P<0.001).
Conclusion: The level of knowledge, attitude, and nutritional performance of bodybuilding athletes was weak.