Background and Objective: Wound infection treatment, particularly in chronic and bacterial poly cases, is difficult and entails heavy costs. This study was done to determine the prevalence of poly bacterial infection and antimicrobial susceptibility of wound samples from different wards. Methods: In this descriptive study, wound sampling was prepared from 336 patients admitted to different wards of Baqiatallah Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Identification was performed based on biochemical tests including oxidase test, TSI, IMVIC, lysine decarboxylase, phenylalanine deaminase, urea, motility, catalase, coagulase, mannitol fermentation, optochin sensitivity, susceptibility to bacitracin and sulfamethoxazole, growth in Bile esculin and DNase production. Antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates was determined using disk diffusion method for 14 important antibiotics. Results: 294 samples were positive for bacterial culture, from which 364 isolates including 11 different isolates were obtained. Out of 294 positive samples, 245 samples were mono bacterial and 54 were poly bacterial including two-bacterial (45 samples), three-bacterial (7 samples), and four-bacteral (2 samples). S. aureus (29.7%), Enterococci (15.6%), and E. coli (15.6%) were the most prevalent isolates. S. aureus-Enterococci pattern was the most common two-bacterial pattern (33%), and majority of polybacterial patterns belonging to gram negative bacteria was in surgery ward (32.5%). Antibiogram results showed high levels of antibiotic resistance in the isolates. Imipenem and amikacin were the most effective antibiotics against Gram negative isolates, and vancomycin for Gram positive isolates. Also, 71% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to oxacillin. Conclusion: Variation of bacterial isolates was similar to other studies. Most of poly-bacterial wound infections were due to common nosocomial pathogens and their high rates of antibiotic resistance are extremely alarming.

Background and Objective: Probiotc bacteria have benefical effect on consumer health. This study was done to investigate the antimicrobial effect of several probiotic in combinations with different prebiotics against food patoghenic bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes.

Methods: In this descriptive - analytical study, probiotics including Lactobacillus plantarum, L. acidophilus, L. fermntum, L. casei and L. rhamnosus with prebiotics (1%) including raffinose, lactulose, inulin and trehalose were cultured in MRS broth for 24 hours at 30ºC in anaerobic conditions. Antimicrobial property of them was determined with well diffusion plate's method.

Results: Probiotics in the presence of prebiotics indicated the higher antimicrobial effect compared to probiotics alone (P<0.05). The application of prebiotics such as L. casei with raffinose showed higher antimicrobial property against Listeria monocytogenes than the free prebiotics consumption. The diameter of inhibitory growth zone in the presence of raffinose as a prebiotics was 14.66 mm and its absence reduced to 11.75 mm.

Conclusion: Antimicrobial effect of probiotics in combination with prebiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes was higher than probiotics consumption alone.

Background and Objective: Hypericin is found in different species of Hypericum genus, as a main compound with antimicrobial, antiviral, nonspecific kinas inhibition and dopamin β-hydroxilase inhibitoring effects. This study was done to compare the hypericin content, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Hypericum perforatum L. from three geographic regions of Iran.

Methods: In this descriptive study, Hypericin content of aerial parts of H. perforatum L. was assessed using UV-Vis spectrometric method. Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH and β-carotene bleaching assay. Cytotoxicity was evaluated via brine shrimp lethality assay. Antimicrobial activity was determined using inhibition zone diameter evaluation via disc diffusion method and measuring minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value.

Results: Hypericin content of aerial parts of H. perforatum L. from Qom, Golestan and Kurdestan provinces were 673, 1223 and 1568 ppm, respectively. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities in samples from Kurdestan was more than samples from Qom and Golestan. Antimicrobial activity, as far as the number of sensitive microorganisms was evaluated. In this way the order of Golestan>Kurdestan>Qom was exhibited, however the extract of the plant from Kurdestan had the highest activity for two staphylococcus species with the inhibition zone diameter of 17 and 19 mm for S. aureus and S.epidermidis, respectively and MIC value of 250 µg/mL.

Conclusion: Hypericin content was more from samples of Kurdistan province with cold climate. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of aerial parts of all samples were high. There is a relationship between hypericin content of aerial parts of H. perforatum L. and biological activities.