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Background & Objective: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is one of the important causes of newborn mortality. The aim of this study is to determine the pregnancy outcome and Corticosteroid effects for prevention prophylaxis in pregnant women with premature labor between 34-37 weeks gestational age. Materials & Methods: This semi experimental single blind clinical trial study was performed on hundred 34-37 weeks pregnant women who were referred with labor pain or rupture of membrane. These women divided in 2 almost similar case and control groups. The control group received 5 mg Dexamethasone 6 hours to delivery time (Maximum 4 doses). Data was entered to SPSS and analyzed by Chi-square and T-test. Results: There wasn’t any significant difference between administration of Dexamethasone and incidence of RDS in 34-37 weeks newborn (P=0.6). The frequency of RDS was similar in 2 groups (In all women: 4%) the mean weight of newborns with RDS diagnosis was 2675±263. 76% of women had vaginal delivery. The mean weight of newborn was 2672 gr and mean gestational age was 35.4 weeks. Conclusion: The frequency of RDS in newborn with 34-37 weeks gestational age was 4% and administration of one or more Dexamethasone had no effect on reduction it.

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Background and Objective: Patients consent for medical care is a legal requirement. Consent is a document that patient must be necessary aware about all risks of surgery, treatment strategy, Substitution and the risks involved by physician. This study was done to evaluate status of filled consent form of hospitalized patients in Ardabil – Northwest of Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was done by interview with patients and accompained patients in hospitals of Ardabil – Northwest of Iran during 2010. Patient demographics and other variables gathered by a questionnaire. Data was analyzed by Chi-Square test. Results: 86 (57%) of patients were female and 64 (43%) male. 35 (23%) were illiterate and 92 (61%) under diploma. 45% of patients get information about their illness from doctors. According to patient ideas, 13% of reception personals did not complete consent form. 65 (43.3%) of patients stated that the context of consent form was unreadable and long. Rate of completing form for patients were 87%. 40% of completed forms was not signed by witnesses. The patients and relatives were not satisfied with the form itself, and this observation statistically was significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that validity of completed consent forms are low and it is necessary to design programs for improvement the quality of filling the consent forms.

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Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) is a new mode of ventilation. APRV is used in the acute respiratory distress syndrome when the low tidal volume strategy was not responding to assisted controlled mandatory ventilation (ACMV). Four cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome and severe life threatening hypoxia with ACMV whom were successfully managed with APRV are reported in this article. Although hypoxemia patients were treated by APRV method but eventually two patients died.

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Background and Objective: Chlamydia, a zoonotic bacterial agent, is a major concern for both human and avian public health. This bacterium belongs to the family Chlamydiaceae, with 11 identified species. The Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) species is shared between animal hosts and humans. Ornamental birds are among the hosts of C. psittaci. This bacterium causes respiratory and gastrointestinal problems in these birds. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of chlamydial infection in ornamental birds in Urmia, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 60 fecal swabs collected from 60 ornamental birds in Urmia. Giemsa staining and molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, using genus-specific primers to amplify a 580-base pair (bp) fragment of the ompA gene, were performed on the samples.
Results: The Chlamydia molecule was detected in 11.7% of budgerigars with gastrointestinal symptoms and in 5.88% of apparently healthy budgerigars. Additionally, the infection was detected in 11.11% of cockatiels, 14.28% of mynahs, 20% of canaries, and 11.11% of finches, but not in other species.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate the presence of the Chlamydia bacterium in ornamental birds in Urmia, which can be considered a source of infection for gastrointestinal diseases.