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Background and Objective: Constraint induced movement therapy is an approach that with limitation of the healthy upper limb movement of a person with hemiplegia obligate to use the affected limb. This study was done to determine the modified constraint induced movement therapy on quality of upper extremity skills in affected limb in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Materials and Methods: This single blind randomized clinical trial was carried out on 21 children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy referred to rehabilitation centers in Tehran-Iran during 2008. Samples randomly were divided into experimental (n=11) and control (n=10). Common therapeutic physical practice was carried out for 6 weeks in both groups equally. In treatment group intervention was practiced by constrain induced movement therapy methods for 3 hours daily. Quality of upper extremity skills pre and post intervention based on the quality of upper extremity skills test (QUEST) was evaluated. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 software, Kolmogrov-Smirnoff, chi-square, T student and repeated measurement tests. Results: Mean age of children in the experimental group (7 girls, 4 boys) and control group children (5 female, 5 male) were 46.55±17.5 and 48.10±19.2 months respectively. Internal analysis of all items in interventional group were significant after 6 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). but in control group only grasp item was significant (P<0.05). Analysis between two groups did not show any significant difference in total and subtitle score including dissociated movement, weight bearing and protective extension. But only grasp subtitle showed significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that modified constraint induced movement therapy only affect in quality of grasp.

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Background and Objective: Patellofemoral pain is the most common and controversial musculoskeletal problem. Several studies have focused on its causes, prevention, and treatment strategies. This study was done to determine the effect of eight weeks of standard and functional stabilization training on pain and functional movement of women with patellofemoral pain.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 45 non-athletic women with patellofemoral pain syndrome aged 18-35 years. Subjects were divided into three standard, functional stabilization training and the control group and followed for 8 weeks. Pain was measured by visual analogue scale and functional movement was measured by the KUJALA (Anterior knee Pain Scale).
Results: Severity of pain significantly reduced in the two interventional groups (standard and functional stabilization training) in comparison with control group (P<0.05). Functional movement significantly increased in the two interventional groups in comparison with control group (P<0.05). Severity of pain and functional movement had no significant difference between the two intervention groups.
Conclusion: Performing each of the exercises, standard or functional stabilization training, for eight weeks, had beneficial effect on reducing pain and improving functional movement in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

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Background and Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common progressive neurological diseases affecting the motor pathways leading to muscle fatigue. This study was done to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of aquatic exercises on fatigue, balance and functional training in male patients with multiple sclerosis.
Methods: This clinical trial study was done on 15 men with multiple sclerosis in Zahedan, south-east of Iran. The subjects selected by available and purposeful sampling method participated in research. After primary screening and reconnaissance person of bona fide, subjects randomly divided into intervention group (n=8) with average age 42.62±6.67 height 171.87±2.47 weight 69.62±12.39 and control group (n=7) with average age 30.28±7.11, height 171.57±8.05 weight 66.68±17.26. During study the patients used and follow medicinal drugs according to prescription. Subjects in interventional group were received aquatic exercises program. Aquatic exercises program consisted of 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. The level of fatigue, balance and functional movement respectively evaluated with fatigue assessment battery for MS, Y balance and side hop jump tests.
Results: The mean of functional movement was significantly increased in interventional group in comparison with controls (P<0.05). The mean of fatigue was significantly reduced in interventional group compared to controls (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Eight weeks of aquatic exercises improves functional movement and reduce fatigue in male patients with multiple sclerosis.

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Background and Objective: The scientific evidence related to the effectiveness of rehabilitation on electromyographical activity of trunk muscles is limited. This study was performed to determine the effect of movement-pattern training on frequency of selected trunk muscles during single-leg landing in individuals with non-specific chronic low back pain.
Methods: In this clinical trial study, 28 patients with non-specific chronic low back pain were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The control group did not receive treatment. The intervention group performed treatment as a movement-pattern training. Subjects performed single leg landing from 30 cm height. Trunk muscle activity was assessed using an 8-chanel EMG system. The assessments were completed in pre-test and after six weeks.
Results: Frequency content of right rectus abdominus and right lumbar erector spinae in intervention group were lower than control group (P<0.05). In other muscles ant there was not any significant significant differences between interventional and control groups.
Conclusion: The movement-pattern training can be used in rehabilitation of individuals with non-specific chronic low back pain.