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Background and Objective: Magnesium (Mg) ion has possible role in protecting neurons and glia from ischemic damage through the cerebral blood flow and neuronal action. This study was done to evaluate the correlation of total serum Mg level with clinical outcomes in stroke patients. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was done on 316 patients whom diagnosed with stroke in Imam Hossein hospital, Tehran, Iran during 2010-11. Mg levels in all patients were measured. Also, recurrent transient ischemic attack (TIA), recurrent myocardial infarction or stroke, unstable angina and death as clinical outcomes were follow-up for period of 3 and 6 months after admission. Data were analyzed using SPSS-18, Chi-Square, Fisher and Pearson correlation tests. Results: The mean age of patients was 65±15.8 year. Limb weakness (69.9%) and haemoplasia with 63.6% were the most common clinical complaints. Death was the most common finding in 3 month (16.8%) and recurrent stroke was the most common finding in 6 month follow up (2.5%). There was no significant difference between the total serum Mg and the first and second three-months follow up of clinical outcomes. Conclusion: This study can not show a significant correlation between total serum Mg levels and clinical outcomes after 3 and 6 month follow up in stroke patients.

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Background and Objective: Malnutrition is considered as one of most serious disorder in childhood. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and its relation to serum level of Magnesium, Zinc, Iron and Calcium in 6-36 months hospitalized children. Methods: In this case-control study upon CDC chart, 166 children were in control group diagnosed with no malnutrition and 151 children were also in case group with malnutrition. BMI and serum level of Magnesium, Zinc, Iron and Calcium were measeared for each child. Results: Out of 151 children with malnutrition, 128 (84.76%) and 23 (15.23%) were involved in mild and moderate malnutrition, respectively. The serum level of Magnesium and Zinc in case group was non-significantly lower than controls, while the serum level of Calcium and Iron non-significantly higher than controls. BMI was significantly reduced in cases in compared to controls and this reduction was related with malnutrition (95% CI: 0.38-0.59, OR=0.47, P<0.05). Conclusion: Malnutrition in 6-36 month children was not related to serum level of Zinc, Magnesium, Iron and Calcium, while children with malnutrition had lower body mass index.

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Background and Objective: Diabetes is one of the most common non-communicable diseases with debilitating complications and mortality rate those results from insulin deficiency, resistance to it or both. The role of nutrition and some micronutrients in the development and progression of diabetes has been investigated. Studies have shown that Magnesium deficiency can reduce insulin secretion and cell resistance. This study was done to determine the association of serum Magnesium level with glycemic control, serum lipids and renal function in type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetic patients.
Methods: This case-control study was done on 70 patients with type 2 diabetes, pre-diabetes and 35 healthy individuals. Fasting glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, creatinine and Magnesium were determined.
Results: Serum Magnesium level in diabetic and pre-diabetic patients were significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). Serum Magnesium level had reverses correlation with HbA1c in diabetic patients. Serum Magnesium level had reverse correlation with glycemic index (FBS, 2hpp) and creatinine in control group (P<0.05) were evaluated in all groups but there was no significant correlation between Renal function test (Cr, eGFR) and serum Mg level.
Conclusion: Serum Magnesium levels in diabetics and pre-diabetics were lower than healthy individuals and had reverse correlation with HbA1c in diabetic patients.

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Background and Objective: Propofol is one of the most commonly used drugs in anesthesia with the pain during an injection is a side effect of this drug. This study was conducted to compare the effect of Lidocaine, Magnesium Sulfate, and Ketamine on reducing pain caused by intravenous injection of Propofol in patients Undergoing surgery.
Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial study, 80 patients aged 18 to 65 years were randomly blocked and assigned into four groups including Lidocaine, Ketamine, Magnesium Sulfate and Normal Saline. The pain was measured with the Ambesh Score. Hemodynamic changes of patients were evaluated in 1, 3, and 5 minutes.
Results: The patients in Lidocaine, Ketamine, and Magnesium Sulfate groups with 75%, 70%, and 55%, respectively, did not feel pain after Propofol injection compared to Normal Saline group (25%) (P<0.05). The mean time trend of Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure between the studied groups were significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The use of Lidocaine or Ketamine during Propofol injection can be effective in reducing pain during injection in patients undergo surgery.