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Showing 8 results for Lead

M.mehdizadeh (phd), F.kermanian (msc), G.farjah (phd), Pn.tabatabaei (bsc),
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2005)
Abstract

Background&Objective: Lead toxicity is a common popular problem. Many researches were performed about this toxicity both in-vivo and in-vitro since 100 years ago.Those studies showed that lead have toxic effects such as behavioral disorders, decrease of IQ and decrease of learning and memory. Also lead has neurotoxic effects such as decrease of neuronal density in visual cortex of monkey, cell death in hippocampus and decrease of acetylcolin in rat’s hippocampus. In this study we examin neurotoxic effects of lead on rat’s radial nerve because radial nerve is a mix nerve. Materials&Methods: 24 adult male rats were divided in six groups. Groups I and II received lead acetate 4% and 2%, groups III and IV received disttiled water and normal water for one month.After this time, we killed rats and exposed radial nerve from behind of arm.Then studied them with light and electron microscopy. Results: In experimental groups we saw decrease of myelin sheath diameter and decrease of nuclear density in schwann cell. Also we saw many granules in mitochondrial matrix, active macrophage, edema and disarrangement of myelin sheath layers. Conclusion: We suggest that lead neurophaty is due to schwann cell injury and this lesion lead to decrease of myelin sheath.
Shohreh Kolagari, Homeyra Khoddam,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2007)
Abstract

Background & Objective: Job satisfaction is the one of factors that affected by leadership style of managers and can effect on health organization practice. The aim of this study was to determine relation between leadership styles of nursing managers and rate of nursing employees' job satisfaction.

 

Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 720 nursing employees of Gorgan Medical teaching centers during 2006. Leadership style and job satisfaction were main variables of study. Data gathering tools were questionnaire of demographic characters, job satisfaction and standardized Bark's leadership style. Gathered data were analyzed by c2, Mann-Whitney and ANOVA statistical tests.

 

Results: The most of participants (74.3%) were women, nurses (86.6%) with the mean age of 32.7±7.32 years. The rate of satisfaction in the most of nursing employees (79.8%) was low and moderate. 63.2% of participates believed that their nursing managers had transactional leadership style and 34.9% of them said nursing managers apply transformational leadership method. Data analysis showed that nursing managers have transactional leadership, had higher job satisfaction rate (88.01 V.S 86.36). This difference was not significant.

 

Conclusion: This study showed that, there is not statistical relation between leadership styles of nursing managers and rate of nursing employees' job satisfaction.


Habibian M, Dabidi Roshan V, Moosavi Sj, Mahmoody Sa,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (10-2013)
Abstract

Background and Objective: Oxidative damage associated with the presence of Lead in the brain has been proposed as one possible molecular mechanism involved in Lead toxicity. Aerobic exercise is known to protect the brain through a cascade of molecular and cellular processes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 week aerobic training on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in rat's cerebellum exposed to Lead acetate. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups: sedentary base, sham (30 mg/kg of ethyloleate), Lead and exercise+Lead (20 mg/kg Lead acetate, intraperitoneally). The exercise program consisted of progressive running training on the treadmill for 15 to 22 m/min, 25 to 64 min/day, and 5 days/week for 8 weeks. BDNF and MDA levels were measured by ELISA and TBARS methods, respectively. Results: Chronic Lead acetate administration enhanced significantly (P<0.05) cerebellar MDA levels in rats compare to base and sham groups but had no effect on BDNF levels. Cerebellar MDA significantly was reduced and BDNF non significantly was increased in Lead acetate+ training group. Conclusion: Regular aerobic exercise with moderate intense may exert role neuroprotective against Lead-induced cerebellar injury by down-regulating oxidative stress and promotes brain health through increases in BDNF.
Mirdar Sh , Ramezannezhad Aa , Arzani A, Alinezhad M, Hajizade A,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (3-2014)
Abstract

Background and Objective: Lead as an environmental pollutant can damage the immune system. This study was done to determine the effect of moderate-intensity exercise and Curcumin supplement on serum level of immunoglobulin A in rats exposed to lead acetate. Methods: In this experimental study, 46 male rats were allocated into six groups including Control (C), vehicle (V), lead (L), lead and exercise (LE), lead and curcumin (LC), Lead+exercise+curcumin (LEC). Animals in training groups ran on treadmill for 8 weeks (25- 64 minutes per daily, 15-22 meter/minute and 0% grade). Animals in Lead, LE, LC and LEC groups were received lead acetate (20 mg/kg/bw) and vehicle animals were received ethyl oleat (30 mg/kg/bw) Intraperitoneally for 3 days per week for 8 weeks. Rats in curcumin and LEC groups were received Curcumin (30mg/kg/bw), for 3 day per week for 8 weeks. IgA level were measured by single radial immuno diffusion method. Results: Lead acetate significantly increased MDA levels at P<0.05 in animals. IgA level was 0.2, 0.41 and 0.47 mg/dL in Lead, LE and LEC groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The simultaneous use of endurance exercise training and curcumin due to increased IgA activity has beneficial effects against lead poisoning.
Mokhtari M, Jelveh S,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2015)
Abstract

Background and Objective: Lead exposure induced toxic effects on reproductive system. This study was done to evaluate the effect of Grape seed oil (Vitis vinifera) on serum gonadotropins and testosterone level in toxicited adult male rats by lead acetate. Methods: In this experimental study, 56 adult male Wistar rats were randomly allocated equally into 7 groups. Animals in control group did not receive any matter. Animals in the sham, experimental 1 and experimental 2 groups were received orally distilled water, 8ml/kg Grape seed oil (GSO) and 0.1 mmol/lit lead acetate for 21 days, respectively. Animals in the experimental group 3, 4 and 5 were received 0.1 mmol/lit lead acetate for 21 days and then 2 ml/kg/bw, 4 ml/kg/bw and 8ml/kg/bw GSO from day 22 up to day 42, recpectively. Blood samples were taken from control, sham and experimental groups 1 and 2 at the end of day 21. At the end of day 42, blood samples were taken from experimental groups 3, 4 and 5. Serum level of LH, FSH and testosterone were measured by Radioimmunoassay. Results: Serum level of LH, FSH and testosterone were significantly reduced in the experimental group 2 in compared to control group. Serum level of LH, FSH and testosterone were significantly increased in experimental group 4 and 5 in comparision with the experimental group 2. Conclusion: Grape seed oil extract at doses of 4 and 8ml/kg/bw increased serum level of LH, FSH and testosterone in lead acetate exposed male rats.
Zafarzadeh A , Rahimzadeh H,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2015)
Abstract

Background and Objective: Nowadays the food contamination is increased and threating human health. This study was done to determine the concentration of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper in tomatoes and cucumber in Northern Iran. Methods: In this descriptive study, 48 cucumber and 48 tomatoes samples were collected randomly from the two sampling stations of Gorgan and Gonbad the two cities in Golestan province of northern Iran during spring and summer of 2012. Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) concentrations were determined by voltammetry method of 797 Polarography models. Results: Mean±SE of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu concentration in samples of cucumber in Gonbad was 53.4±7.7, 0.09±0.013, 1.47±0.21 and 4.1±0.66 mg/kg wet weight, respectively. Mean±SE of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu concentration in samples of cucumber in Gorgan was 60.3±8.7, 0.12±0.017, 1.4±0.2 and 3.7±0.53 mg/kg wet weight, respectively. Mean±SE of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu concentration in samples of tomatoes in Gonbad was 17.9±2.6, 0.03±0.004, 0.5±0.07 and 0.85±0.12 mg/kg wet weight, respectively. Mean±SE of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu concentration in samples of tomato in Gorgan was 23.8±3.4, 0.08±0.01, 0.66±0.09 and 1.7±0.24 mg/kg wet weight, respectively. Mean concentrations of Cd and Pb in cucumber and tomatoes samples of Gonbad was up to 2, 14, 0.6 and 5 times and mean concentrations of that in cucumber and tomatoes of Gorgan was up to 2.4, 14.4, 1.6 and 7 times exceed the maximum allowable limits of WHO/FAO. Conclusion: Mean concentration of Cd and Pb in cucumber and tomato samples was exceeded the maximum allowable limits of WHO/FAO and mean concentration of heavy metals in cucumber was more than tomato samples.
Azam Khazaeipour , Somaye Namroodi , Shohre Taziki ,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (6-2020)
Abstract

Background and Objective: Lead is one of the most toxic environmental pollutants, which is very dangerous for living creatures, including humans. Therefore, the use of various compounds such as nanochitin to remove lead from aquatic environments has been considered in recent years. This study was performed to determine the effect of nanochitin on the Tissue absorption rate of lead acetate in the liver of rats.
Methods: This experimental study was performed on 15 Wistar rats with a weight of 150-180 grams and an age of 8-10 weeks. The animals were allocated into three groups including control group, the lead group, and the nanochitin and lead simultaneously group. Animals were received lead and nanochitin by gavage for six weeks. Then liver tissue was removed and lead concentration was measured with an atomic absorption device. Liver tissue was prepared for hematoxylin-eosin staining and then examined under an optical microscope.
Results: The mean lead concentration in the liver tissue of the control, lead and the nanochitin and lead simultaneously groups were 8.1±0.45, 45.41±4.73, and 17.06±0.83 mic/g, respectively. The concentration of lead in the lead group increased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.05). Also, the hepatic concentration of lead in the nanochitin and lead simultaneously group significantly reduced in compared to lead group (P<0.05). Histopathological studies showed a reduction in tissue lesions including degeneration and necrosis of liver hepatocytes, hypertension, and severe congestion in liver tissue in the nanochitin and lead simultaneously group in compared to lead group.
Conclusion: Nanochitin without adverse effects on liver tissue can increase the removal and inhibit the absorption of lead in rats liver tissue.
Razieh Mottahedzadeh, Saeed Khatamsaz , Mohammad Javad Mokhtari ,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract

Background and Objective: Evaluation of effective factors in the incidence of leukemia, especially pollutants, such as Sodium Sulfide and lead acetate, can contribute to the treatment of cancer and prevention of disease. Npm1 gene is a multiple Phosphoprotein that contains several action domains. Npm1 gene is encoded between nucleus and cytoplasm and performs several functions including protein ribosome transfer and control of centrosome proliferation. Npm1 mutations are transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This study was conducted to compare the effect of lead static poisoning and sodium sulfide on Npm1 gene expression in adult male rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 48 adult male rats were allocated into 6 groups. The experimental groups include control, the first and second experimental groups were received sodium sulfide with doses of 300 mg/kg/bw and 600 mg/kg/bw, respectively. The third and fourth experimental groups were received lead acetate with doses of 30 mg/kg/bw and 60 mg/kg/bw, respectively. The fifth experimental groups were received maximum doses of sodium sulfide and lead acetate, respectively. Lead acetate and sodium sulfide were gavaged daily for 4 months. After that, blood was taken from the mice and RNA was extracted. Then, CDNA synthesis and Npm1 gene expression compared to Ywhaz gene were evaluated quantitatively using Real Time PCR.
Results: Npm1 gene expression reduced in groups were received sodium sulfide at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight. Npm1 expression increased in lead static groups with doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg body weight.
Conclusion: This study showed that by increasing the expression of Npm1 gene expression, Threshold Cycle value decreases.

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مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گرگان Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences
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