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Background & Objective: Gastric cancer is the 2nd cause of cancer mortality after lung cancer. Approximately 12% of all cancer death are due to gastric cancer. Tumorgenesis is thought to be a multistep process involving a series of genetic changes in oncogenes and suppressor genes. The most common cancer-related genetic change known in human tumors is P53 mutation, particularly in gastric cancer. This study was done to determine P53 gene mutations in gastric cancer. Materials & Methods: This study was performed on 44 biopsy from patients with gastric cancer during 2002 in 3 hospitals in Tehran. For determination of P53 gene mutations was performed PCR-SSCP methods. Results: The patients group comprised 31 males and 13 females (Average age, 60.8 years Ranging from 34 to 84 years). 36 cases (81.8%) intestinal type, 5 cases (11.4%) were diffuse type and 3 cases no defined. 44 gastric cancers of gastric tissues were screened for the mutations of P53 gene mutations in exons 5-8 using the PCR-SSCP analysis. After polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 9 patients (20.5%) showed an apparent electrophoretic mobility shift between the cancer and other normal samples. One mutation in exon 5 (11.1%), 2 were detected in exon 6 (22.2%), 3 were found in exon 7 (33.3%) and 3 were detected in exon 8 (33.3%). The mutation rate was 7 of 36 (21.2%) in intestinal type and 2 of (40%) in diffuse type. No significant correlation between P53 gene mutations and age and genus was found. Conclusion: This investigation showed the rate P53 gene mutation (20.5%) in gastric cancer in our society.

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Background and Objective: Morphological alterations of hippocampus and dentate gyrus due to opium were reported in humans and animals. Also other evidences have shown that astrocytes actively participate in synaptic plasticity. This study was done to determine the conditioning place preference (CPP) on astrocytes number of Rat dentate gyrus by immunohistochemical technique.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar Rat weighted average 220-250 g were used. For behavioural tests, Rats divided into eight experimental groups. The Rats were received morphine at different doses (2.5, 5, 7.5 mg/kg) for three days by subcutaneous injection and sham groups, received saline dose (1 mg/kg) and then CPP test in them were investigated. 48 hours after behavioural testing animals were decapitated under chloroform anesthesia and their brains fixed and after tissue processing, slices stained with immunohistochemistery techniques. For morphometric study PTAH staining of astrocytes was used.

Results: The most dose responses of morphine was observed in 7.5mg/kg. The number of astrocytes in the controls (20.627±6.129) was similar to control-saline group (17.339±4.71). This difference was not significant, while the difference in the number of astrocytes in control group with morphine-treated experimental groups was significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion: We concluded that the phenomenon of conditioned place preference induced by morphine can cause a significant increase in the number of astrocytes of sham and experimental groups compared to controls.

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Background and Objective: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that associated with increased serum glucose and insulin function impairment. Exercise training and saffron supplement are known as two effective factors in the prevention of the complications of type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of eight weeks of aerobic and resistance training with the consumption of saffron aqueous extract on malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase in men with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: In this clinical trial study, 36 men suffering from type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned into six groups: placebo, aerobic training, aerobic training with supplement consumption, resistance training, and resistance training with supplement consumption. Aerobic training was performed at 50-70% of maximal heart rate, and the resistance training was performed at 65-70% of the maximum replication for eight weeks. The saffron supplement was consumed at the dosage of 3 mg day-1. The concentration of malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase was measured before and after the trial after the 12-hour fasting period.
Results: Level of malondialdehyde significantly reduced in placebo and aerobic training with supplement prior to intervention (P<0.05). Level of glutathione peroxidase were significantly increased in aerobic training with supplement (P<0.05), resistance training (P<0.05) and resistance training with supplement (P<0.05) groups after intervention.
Conclusion: Aerobic and resistance training and their supplementation with saffron consumption can be regarded as an effective method to improve the peroxidase and antioxidant balance.

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Background and Objective: Schizophrenia is a chronic disease associated with considerable impairments to personal life and social functions. Since exercise plays an important role in these problems, this study was done to compare the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and futsal training on body composition, physical fitness, life quality, and negative symptoms in schizophrenics.
Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 42 male patients with paranoid schizophrenia in Rasht Medical Center in north of Iran during 2017. Patients were randomly assigned into three groups of HIIT (n=15), futsal (n=12) and control (n=15) groups. Data were collected before and after 8 weeks of training using quality of life questionnaire, negative symptoms assessment and some factors of physical fitness tests. HIIT program (high-intensity interval training: HIIT) was held three sessions a week with 70 to 85% of maximal heart rate and futsal training lasted three sessions a week for 40 minutes.
Results: Anaerobic power was significantly more in HIIT and futsal groups in compatre to controls (P<0.05), but anaerobic power was not significantly different between HIIT and futsal groups. Lower limb muscle power was significantly higher in the HIIT and futsal groups compared to control group (P<0.05). Lower limb muscle power was higher in the HIIT group compared to the futsal group (P<0.05). Negative symptoms were significantly lower in HIIT and futsal groups in comparison with control group (P<0.05). The quality of life difference in futsal and HIIT groups was not significant in compared to the controls.
Conclusion: It seems that HIIT is more efficient than futsal exercises, but both types of training improve some factors of physical fitness and alleviate the negative symptoms among schizophrenics.

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Background and Objective: Spastic diplegia cerebral palsy is a movement disorder originating from brain injury before, during, or immediately after birth. Exercise plays an important role in motor recovery. This study was performed to determine the effect of high-intensity circuit training on balance and activity daily living in children with cerebral palsy (CP).
Methods: In this clinical trial, 34 children with cerebral palsy were randomly divided into two groups of 17 including occupational therapy (control group) and circuit training group with occupational therapy as interventional group. Berg balance scale and activity scale for kids were used to assess changes in balance and activity of daily living before and after 12 weeks of exercise, respectively. High-intensity circuit training consisting of 3 rounds and each round consisting of 6,
30-second stations and a 30-second break between stations, which were performed three times a week for 12 weeks. Occupational therapy was performed one session per week.
Results: The rate of balance and activities of daily living and its components in the circuit training group with occupational therapy showed a significant improvement compared to control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Circuit trainings with occupational therapy can further improve the performance of balance and activity of daily living in children with Spastic diplegia cerebral palsy compared to occupational therapy.

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Background and Objective: Echocardiographic measurement of ventricular elastance is essential for evaluating cardiac function. With the technological advancements in echocardiography devices, assessing fetal heart function has become more accurate. Ventricular elastance reflects ventricular function, while arterial elastance measures ventricular afterload. Ventricular-arterial coupling demonstrates the interaction between the ventricle and artery. This study aimed to estimate ventricular end-systolic elastance, arterial elastance, and ventricular-arterial coupling using a non-invasive echocardiographic method.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 67 fetuses with a gestational age of 19-24 weeks (38 female fetuses and 29 male fetuses) and 43 infants aged 10-60 days (25 female and 18 male) referred to the cardiac echocardiography clinic of the Children's Medical Center over a period of 14 months. Mothers and infants were healthy, and there was no structural heart disease in the fetuses and infants. Those with abnormal rhythm, a vague view, and an unfavorable quality of Doppler signal were excluded. Ventricular end-systolic elastance (Ea), arterial elastance (Ees), and ventricular-arterial coupling (Ea/Ees) were compared in fetuses with the calculated values in newborns. An estimation of the normal value for ventricular and arterial elastances and ventricular-arterial coupling in healthy fetuses and newborns were obtained.
Results: The mean arterial elastance of fetuses and newborns was determined as 84.4±20.04 mmHg/ml and 12.6±2.88 mmHg/ml, respectively (P<0.05). The mean ventricular elastance of fetuses and newborns was 88.5±20.49 mmHg/ml and 15.07±2.89 mmHg/ml, respectively (P<0.05). Fetal and newborn ventricular-arterial coupling were calculated as 0.96±0.14 mmHg/ml and 0.84±0.13 mmHg/ml, respectively (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The amounts of arterial and ventricular elastance and ventricular-arterial coupling in fetuses were significantly higher than infants and decreased with increasing age.