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Background and Objective: Multiple sclerosis is one of demyelinating disorder of CNS that is an uncommon cause of the sensorineural hearing loss. This study was done to determine the hearing loss in multiple sclerosis patients.

Materials and Methods: This case-control study was performed on 60 (44 women, 16 men) multiple sclerosis patients and 38 (27 women, 11 men) normal subjects by pure tone audiometery, otoacustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses in Gilan provine, Iran during 2010-11. Data was analyzed by using SPSS-17, Chi-Square and Fischer tests.

Results: 12.5% of case and 3.9% of the control ears had abnormal pure tone audiometery (P<0.05). The frequencies of abnormal HF-pure tone audiometery and two modalities of otoacustic emission did not show any significant differences in two groups. Abnormal autidory brainstem response of ears were observed in 20% and 9.2% of cases and controls, respectively (P<0.05). 20% of case and 9.2% of the control ears had abnormal auditory brainstem response (P<0.05). The absolute latencies of waves I, II and V had not significant differences between two groups. Inter peak latencies of I-III and III-V waves were observed in 10% and 11.7% in cases ears and 1.3% and zero percent in controls, respecticely. 6.7% of cases and 2.6% of control ears had retrocochlear abnormality.

Conclusion: Hearing loss detected by pure tone audiometery and auditory brainstem response is more common in multiple sclerosis compared to normal population.

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Background and Objective: Nasal obstruction is a common complaint leading to septoplasty as one of the most common surgical procedures in otorhinolaryngology. This study was done to determine the relationship between patients' satisfaction following septoplasty with rhinomanometry perior and after surgery. Methods: This descriptive – analytic study was done on forty-one patients, candidated for septoplasty, from Oct 2012 to Sep 2013. Rhinomanometry were tested perior and 6 months after surgery. At the time of rhinomanometry after surgery, common clinical symtomps and patient's quality of life and their satisfaction from operation were recorded by using GBI questionnaire. Results: Nasal obstruction and congestion, trouble sleeping, insufficient breath during physical activity and difficulty breathing through the nose were significantly reduced after surgery (P<0.05). In overall, patients' satisfaction after septoplasty was 90.24%. Rhinomanometry was not predictive factor for satisfaction after surgery. Conclusion: Six month follow-up after surgery showed high patients satisfaction (90.24%) following nasal septoplasty, but this was not related to rhinomanometry test results.

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Background and Objective: Patients with psychological disorders including depression, anxiety and patients with choronic psychological diseases are not suitable for cosmetic rhinoplasty.This study was done to evaluate the mental health status before and after cosmetic rhinoplasty.

Methods: This quasi- experimental study was done on 100 women and men with mean age of 26.85±6.60 which candidated for cosmetic rhinoplasty. Subjects filled out psychological disorder symptom questianare (SCL-90-R) before and 3-6 months after cosmetic rhinoplasty.

Results: Women had more symptom (P<0.05) of depression (7.24 versus 10.79), somatization (4.64 versus 7.35), obsessive-compulsive (5.67 versus 8.51), interpersonal sensitivity (5.48 versus 7.52), anxiety (5.26 versus 8.07), symptom distress index (0.58 versus 0.79) and totally positive symptoms (32.29 versus 41.06) in comparison with men. The main effect of time factor showed that there was not significant difference between symptoms of psychological disorder before and 3-6 months after cosmetic rhinoplasty. Interactional effect of gender and time was not significant for each psychological disorder symptom.

Conclusion: The differences of deviation of psychological disorder symptoms, before cosmetic rhinoplasty and 3-6 months after cosmetic rhinoplasty were not significant. This finding can denotes existence of psychological symptoms before cosmetic surgery. Cosmetic surgery strengthens psychological symptoms in women the assessment and psychological intermediate with the aim of reducing psychological symptoms especially at time range of 3-6 months should be done.

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Background and Objective: Aging is associated with increased free radical production. On the other hand, sports activities with the improvement of antioxidant system can reduce the damage caused by aging. This study was performed to determine the effect of the coantinus training (MCT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on antioxidant enzymes in the heart of old rats.

Methods: This experimental study was performed on 24 male Wistar rats aged 22-24 months. After two weeks of adaptation, animals were allocated into three groups including HIIT (8 rats: 100-80% maximum speed), MCT (8 rats: 65-70% maximum speed) and control group (8 rats the control group did not receive any intervention during the study. The training protocol was performed 5 days in week for 6 weeks. The heart tissues of rats were extracted 48 hours after the last training session. Gene Expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) was analyzed by the ELISA test.

Results: SOD was significantly increase in MCT (41.26±3) and HIIT (48.8±6) groups in compare to control (22.62±2) (P<0.05). GPX was significantly increased in MCT (1.96±0.07) and HIIT (2.28±0.03) groups in comparision with controls (1.37±0.04) (P<0.05) and this increase was higher in the HIIT group than in continuous training group.

Conclusion: Continues training and high intensity interval training increase the amount of antioxidant enzymes in heart tissue of aging rats.

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Background and Objective: Performance and interactions of the couples having important roles in family sustainability. This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on the performance component of couples referring to counseling centers.
Methods: In this clinical trial study, 28 couples with marital problems were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Subjects had score lower than the cut-off point (120 points) using McMaster Family Assessment Device. Subjects in experimental group participated in ten sessions of an hour and a half of the emotion-focused therapy. Pre-test, post-test and one month follow-up were performed for each subject.
Results: The therapy had impact on increasing all of the performance components of couples, and the survival of the effect of treatment was evident in one month follow up. There was a significant difference between the scores of the two groups in all of the components of the post-test variable of family functioning (P<0.05). The difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of couples in the test group was 20.536±4.842 (P<0.05) and post-test-follow-up was 1.286±4.487. Also, the effectiveness of emotional therapy in components, general functioning of couples, affective responsiveness, behavior control, communication, problem solving, roles, and affective Involvement, significantly were remarkable.
Conclusion: The emotion-focused therapy intervention has a significant role in changing the components of couple’s performance. Therapists can use this approach in educational centers and counseling to help couples seeking divorce and incompatibility to improve the reduction of marital problems and increase their satisfaction and improve the general functioning of couples, affective responsiveness, behavior control, communication, problem solving, roles, and affective Involvement.

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Background and Objective: Population growth and pollution caused by the discharge of all kinds of urban, industrial, and agricultural sewage, leachate from landfills, and surface water runoff cause an increase in pollution of water sources. The entry of heavy metals into the environment, especially aquatic ecosystems, due to entering the food chain and jeopardizing human health is one of the concerns of society. This study was conducted to determine the level of heavy metals in muscles of Cynoglossus arel and Pomadasys kaakan fishes in Boushehr coastal waters, north of the Persian Gulf.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on twenty pieces of Cynoglossus arel and twenty pieces of Pomadasys kaakan fishes take place from three coastal stations of Boushehr, north of the Persian Gulf, Iran during spring of 2022. The samples were randomly selected from the fish market. After preparation, bioassay, and digestion of fish muscle by concentrated nitric acid, the concentration of heavy metals including nickel, zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium (µg/g) in the muscle tissue was measured by ICP-OES device. The concentration of heavy metals in the fish muscle tissue for human consumption was compared with international standards (FAO, WHO, FDA, NHMRC, and UKMAFF). According to the method of the US Environmental Protection Agency for fish consumption, daily absorption estimates and heavy metal risk indicators were calculated.
Results: The risk potential index for both species was less than one. The daily and weekly absorption of Cynoglossus arel (zinc > copper > nickel > lead > cadmium) and Pomadasys kaakan (copper > zinc > nickel > lead > cadmium) were determined. The mean concentration of heavy metals nickel, zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium in the muscle tissue of the studied species was determined to be 1.88±0.07, 27.16±8.11, 11.55±4.12, 1.14±0.06, and 0.19±0.03 µg/g, respectively. The highest amounts of studied metals in aquatic animals were zinc > copper > nickel > lead > cadmium. The concentration of metals in the analyzed samples was lower than the international standards.
Conclusion: Regarding toxicity, the concentration of metals in Cynoglossus arel and Pomadasys kaakan was evaluated as acceptable for human consumption. In addition, the amount of risk potential and risk index for non-cancerous diseases in adults and children in fish muscle tissue was less than 1, and the consumption of this fish does not cause any problems for human health.