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Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder that is associated with long-term complications of various organs, such as cardiovascular system. This study is about evaluation of myocardial function and determination of related cardiovascular factor in type 2 diabetic patients who referred to diabetes clinic of 5th Azar Hospital from 200 patients who referred to the clinic, 48.5% had diastolic and 29.5% had systolic dysfunction. Related factors with both diastolic and systolic dysfunction of diabetic patients are: HbA1c level (Control of diabetes), duration of diabetes and hypertension. This investigation shows that: Incidence and severity of systolic and diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients are related to metabolic state and quality of diabetic control. Incidence of hypertension increase in diabetic patients, and hypertension is an important risk factor in diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Diastolic dysfunction is more common than systolic dysfunction in diabetic patients. Intensive control of blood Glucose level lead to decreasing the incidence of coronary artery disease in diabetic patients. We suggest, intensive control of blood Glucose level, treatment of hypertension, regular cardiovascular evaluation in diabetic patients and screening test for early diagnosis of diabetes in high-risk population should be taken under consideration.

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Streptococcal pharyngitis and rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease are among the major public health problems in children. In this study we assay the frequency of group A Beta hemolytic Streptococcus in nasopharynex of 1588 healthy 6-12 years children in Gorgan in north of Iran. The sample obtained during February to March 1998, using sterile soap. The prevalence of this bacteria were 11% (175 strains) the rate of colonization in girls and boys were 10.8 and 11.2% respectively. Our study shows that the carrier of this bacteria in Town’s school children are more than the villages.

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Pain is a symptom of disease and most diseases accompanied with pain, specially among hospitalized post-operative patients. Several drugs and routes of administrations have used for post operative pain control. We compared post op analgesic effects of Diclofenac suppository to intramuscular Pethedine in post op inguinal herniorrhaphy patients. This study is a clinical trial on 40 patients who were operated due to unilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy. They divided into two groups incidentally. In Diclofenac Na group each patient received 100 mg Diclofenac Na supp every 8 hours. In Pethedine group each patient received 0.5 mg/kg Pethedine, intramuscularly. Pain severity of the patients controlled for 24 hours with visual comparation method and mean pain severity compared among 2 groups in the first 24 hours. Mean pain severity difference of Pethedine groups patients compared to Diclofenac Na group was 6.10 with standard error of 3.57 with (P<0.212) had no meaningful difference during first post operative phase. We concluded that Diclofenac Na is a suitable substitute of 24 hours intramuscular Pethedine for post op pain relief.

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Anthropometric dimensions are basis for evaluation of newborns’ health. In respect of importance of anthropometric indices of head and face in forensic medicine, surgery, pediatrics, medical imaging, … . We achieved this study. Determining range of head and face dimensions in normal one-day old female newborns on Fars and Turkman races. This descriptive and cross-sectional study is achieved on 423 normal one-day old newborns (Turkman group: N=211, Fars group: N=212) by classic cephalometry method. Mean and standard deviation of cephalic and prosopic indices in Fars group were 78.63±4.7, 74.3±11.5 and in Turkman group were 77.85±8.7, 81.6±9.8 respectively. Dominant and rare types of heads in Fars group were mesocephalic (42%) and hyperbrachycephalic (9%) and in Turkman group were mesocephalic (39%) and hyperbrachycephalic (8%) respectively. Dominant and rare types of face in Fars group was hypereuriprosopic (71%) and hyperleptoprosopic (4.24%) and in Turkman group were mesoprosopic (39%) and hyperleptoprosopic (1.89%) respectively. This study determines the types of head and face in normal female newborns in Fars and Turkman groups and determines the effects of racial factor on the diversity of head and face shapes in normal newborns.

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Urinary tract infection is common disease in pregnancy and most symptomatic infection with grate danger for fetus and mother’s. This study has been done to determine the prevalency of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women in Gorgan in 2000. Mid-stream urine from 900 pregnant women was obtained. Urine analysis and culture for all of them have been done and positive cultured (Isolated bacteria with 100000-colony count) was antibiogramed by Kerby Buer method. Out of 900 urine specimen 3.7% of samples had positive urinary tract infection. The common organism isolated was E.coli (33.3%), Coagulase negative, Staphylococci (30.3%) and Klebsiella (15.2%). There was not a significant correlation between age, pariety, pregnancy age, fresh urinary infection and asymptomatic bacteriuria but there was a significant and correlation kidney stone between bacteriuria. Anti-microbial sensitivity pattern demonstrates more sensitivity of strain with Amikacin and Gentamycin. Although prevalence of bacteriuria in this (3.7%) lower than other studies in this country but for their severe sequele. This phenomen should be taken into more consideration further investigation in other part of the country should be done to face the probable difficulties.

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The goal of this research is to study of the rate of depression and its relation to type of free time activities, among the medical students at Gorgan University of Medical Sciences in 1999-2000. In this study, 238 medical students (122 male & 116 female) were selected by non-randomized and easy sampling. They were tested by the Beck depression inventory, and a questionnaire due to incomplete information, 32 medical students (15 male & 17 female) were omitted. In general, the average of depressed females was lower than male students (BDI score of 10.2 against 10.9 respectively), but this difference wasn’t statistically significant. Based on this information, medical students had the lowest rate of leisure activities. 52.2% of males and 65.2% of females had not any special leisure activity. The results from this investigation indicate that there are some differences of free-time activities between male and female students. Mental relaxation was the main item among the list of free-time activities of medical students. Finally, we could not find any significant correlation between depression and the kind of leisure activities, which was the main concept in this study.

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It is reported that the rate of congenital malformations is about 2-3% at birth. They are one of the major causes of morbidity, mortality and disability in childhood are later in adulthood. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of gross congenital malformations that were preset at birth. The other factors studied were anatomic locations of anomalies, neonatal sex, race, maternal age and race. This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study, and the sample population was 10000 births. The rate of congenital malformations was 10.1/1000 in our sample 11.8/1000 in male and 7.5/1000 in female neonates. The rate of malformations in musculoskeletal system were 3.8 In CNS 2.8 and in urogenital system 2.5 per 1000 births. It was concluded that the most frequent malformations in CNS, musculoskeletal and urogenital system were cystic spina bifida, clubfoot and hypospadias respectively. The rate of malformations newborns were 14.5 per 1000, 8.5 per 1000 and 17 per 1000 birth in Turkman, native Fars and Sistan racial groups respectively. The results from this investigation showed that there were relations between rate of over malformations, races and sexes of individuals.