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Background and Objective: The therapy of psychological problems in children and adolescents not only has medicinal aspects, but also it is really considered as prevention of psychological disorders. The most common childhood disorders that may be referred to mental health professionals is behavioral disorders. Among these, the most common is conduct disorder. This study was done to determine the efficacy of adolescent parent management training in conduct disorder symptoms and improve parents' parenting styles in 14-16 adolescent. Methods: In this clinical trial study, following the diagnosis disorder in 32 adolescent the subjects and their parents randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. Disease sign inventory (CSI-4) questionnaire, rabinson parenting style questionnaire and sanders educational package for adolescent were used in pre and post-test. Results: Conduct symptoms in post test significantly reduced after scores modification (P<0.05). Scores in authoritarian parenting style significantly increased while permissive and authoritative styles reduced in comparison with controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: Training parentings improve relationships between parents and children and in addition it is an effective intervention in the treatment of behavioral disorders in children and adolescents.

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Background and Objective: In psychotherapy, mindfulness is intended as a mode promotion of self- awareness think to improve well-being. This study was done to determine the effect of mindfulness training on reduction of depressive symptoms among students. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 40 female students with depressive symptoms were divided into mindfulness training and control groups. Subjects in experimental group received training mindfulness-based stress reduction and the control group did not receive any training. Training was performed eight sessions for experimentl group. Subjects completed the beck depression questionnaire prior and after the training. Results: The mean±SD of depression symptoms was 21.10±5.6 but after mindfulness training significantly reduced to 11.5±3.70 (P<0.05). Conclusion: Mindfulness training reduces depression symptoms among female students.

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Background and Objective: Cognitive behavioral therapy based on religion can increase the religious mind. This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy based on religion on depression and quality of life in patient with HIV/AIDS.

Methods: In this quasi -experimental study with pretest, post test and follow up with control group, 30 patients with HIV were non-randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Patients in intervention group were received 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy based on religion, but patients in control group did not receive any intervention. Beck depression test (BDI-II) and quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-Brief) were used.

Results: The rate of depression in intervention group significantly reduced in compared to controls (P<0.05). The rate of quality of life significantly increased in intervention group in comparision with controls group (P<0.05). These results significantly persisted after follow- up period (P<0.05).

Conclusion: The cognitive behavioral therapy based on religion is effective on decrease of depression and increase of quality of life in patients with HIV/AIDS.

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Background and Objective: Patients with psychological disorders including depression, anxiety and patients with choronic psychological diseases are not suitable for cosmetic rhinoplasty.This study was done to evaluate the mental health status before and after cosmetic rhinoplasty.

Methods: This quasi- experimental study was done on 100 women and men with mean age of 26.85±6.60 which candidated for cosmetic rhinoplasty. Subjects filled out psychological disorder symptom questianare (SCL-90-R) before and 3-6 months after cosmetic rhinoplasty.

Results: Women had more symptom (P<0.05) of depression (7.24 versus 10.79), somatization (4.64 versus 7.35), obsessive-compulsive (5.67 versus 8.51), interpersonal sensitivity (5.48 versus 7.52), anxiety (5.26 versus 8.07), symptom distress index (0.58 versus 0.79) and totally positive symptoms (32.29 versus 41.06) in comparison with men. The main effect of time factor showed that there was not significant difference between symptoms of psychological disorder before and 3-6 months after cosmetic rhinoplasty. Interactional effect of gender and time was not significant for each psychological disorder symptom.

Conclusion: The differences of deviation of psychological disorder symptoms, before cosmetic rhinoplasty and 3-6 months after cosmetic rhinoplasty were not significant. This finding can denotes existence of psychological symptoms before cosmetic surgery. Cosmetic surgery strengthens psychological symptoms in women the assessment and psychological intermediate with the aim of reducing psychological symptoms especially at time range of 3-6 months should be done.

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Background and Objective: Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is commnest psychological disorders in children. This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of rhythmic games on social skills of children with ADHD.

Methods: In this quasi -experimental study with pretest, post test and follow up with control group, 30 boys student with ADHD were non-randomly divided into the two groups. Conners rating scale and social skills checklist were used.

Results: Social skills significantly increased in ADHD students and this effectiveness continued in follow up stage (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Play therapy is effective on social skills of children with ADHD.

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Background and Objective: General anxiety disorder is one of the chronic disorders in the general population and population with clinical symptoms. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of combined treatment based on acceptance and commitment in the treatment of women with generalized anxiety.
Methods: This multi-faceted, single-subject interventional study was performed on four women with generalized anxiety disorder whom were refered to psychiatric center in Iran. The subjects were selected through targeted clinical sampling by structured diagnostic and clinical interviews based on DSM-V mental disorder diagnostic and diagnostic guidelines. The efficacy of the treatment protocol in three stages (baseline, 12 sessions and 6 week follow up) was assessed using the GAD-7 questionnaire, the Penn State worry questionnaire (PSWQ), and the general scale of anxiety severity and pain (OASIS).
Results: Reduction of symptoms of general anxiety disorder, anxiety, anxiety and performance impairment in patients with generalized anxiety disorder were significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Combination therapy based on admission and commitment and coping techniques is effective in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in women.

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Background and Objective: Spirituality refers to considering the cultural-religious beliefs of the people in the therapeutic process and taking into account the transcendental dimension of the clients who lead them to the transcendental source. This study was conducted to determine the effect of spirituality therapy on the resilience of women with breast cancer in Tehran, Iran.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 30 women with breast cancer referred to the oncology and chemotherapy clinic in Tehran, Iran during 2016. Subjects were selected by available sampling method and then non-randomly divided into two groups of 15 intervention and control groups. The intervention group was subjected to psychological intervention during 11 sessions of 60 minutes and the control group did not receive intervention. Patients completed the Conner and Davidson resiliency questionnaire (2003) before and after the end of the treatment period.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of the resiliency score of the intervention and control groups in the beginning of the study were 3.64±0.22 and 3.77±1.13, respectively. This rate was 4.30±0.41 and 3.68±0.1 in patients in intervention and control groups, respectively (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Spiritual therapy intervention increased the resiliency of women with breast cancer.

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Background and Objective: Considering the communication patterns of couples is one way of looking at the structure of the family through which spouses interact each other. This study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of emotionally coupled therapy and redecision therapy on changing of marital communication skills in married women.
Methods: This quezi-expermental study was done on 30 women who were chosen via available sampling through distressed women referred to centers of counselling in Gorgan, northern Iran during 2016. Selected women non-randomly divided in three groups including control, treated with emotionally focused couple therapy intervention and the redecision therapy intervention groups. Women in control group did not receive any intervention. Communication styles questioner was used for pretest and post test.
Results: Emotionally focused couple therapy and redecision therapy significantly improved the communication styles of married women and maintain healthy gains, even up to six months after treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of emotionally focused couple therapy and redecision therapy methods.
Conclusion: Emotionally focused couple therapy and redecision therapy have the same effect on improvement of communication styles of married women.

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Background and Objective: The elderly population is rising rapidly in the world and one of the criteria for assessing the needs and health of the elderly is life quality. Mindfulness is a kind of consciousness, and it comes about when we encounter our experiences with a more precise and detailed in the present and without judgment. This study was done to determine the effect of mindfulness training on personal well-being and mental health in elderly women.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was done on 46 elderly women over 60 years of age who displaced in the only daily nursing home in Gorgan, northern Iran .The subjects were non-randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group participated in eight sessions of two-hour mental education training. Personal information questionnaire, general health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and personal well-being index – adult (PWI-A). PWI-A and mental health questionnaires were completed by the elderly at the beginning and the end of the study.
Results: In the intervention group, mindfulness education significantly increased the subscale of personal well-being in the post-test (57.4±3.5) compared to the pre-test (43.2±10.6), and the subscale of mental health and its components in the post-test (13.47±5.5) compared to the pre-test (35.6±10.9) (P<0.05). In the control group, the subscales of personal well-being and mental health and its components at the prior and the end of the study was not different.
Conclusion: Mental education improves subscales of personal well-being and mental health in elderly women.

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Background and Objective: Marriage disturbance and dissatisfaction in marital life have important consequences for the family. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of emotion focused couple therapy (EFCT) on marriage function and psychological well-being of women with marrital conflicts.
Methods: This clinical trial study was done on 53 women with marrital conflicts reffered to Binesh, Rastin and Education Counseling Centers in Gorgan, northern Iran during 2016. The participants were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The Ryff’s psychological well-being scale made and marriage function assessment inventory made were completed before, one week and eight weeks after intervention by the participants. Counselling with EFCT approach was performed for intervention group through 15 group sessions, once a week and lasted for 90-120 minutes. The follow up was done two months later. The marriage function and psychological well-being scores were recorded for each participant at the end of the study and two months after the end of intervention.
Results: At the end of 15 intervention sessions, the mean score of marriage function was significantly higher in intervention group (263.32±22.15) Compared to control group (162.39±31.56) (p<0.05). Also, the mean score of psychological well-being was significantly higher in intervention group (372.48±35.69) compared to control group (237.57±42.38) (p<0.05). Two months after the end of study, the mean score of marriage function of intervention group (268.56±22.95) was significantly more than control group (145.32±11.96) (p<0.05). Also, the mean score of psychological well-being was significantly higher in intervention group (398.64±22.35) in comparsin with controls (201.50±13.32) (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Emotion focused couple therapy promotes marriage function and psychological well-being of women with marrital conflicts through the de-escalation of negative cycles of interaction, changing interactional positions and facilitating the emergence of new solutions to old problems.

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Background and Objective: Divorce as a life crisis can lead to emotional and behavioral problems. This study was done to determine the effectiveness of group based reality therapy based on Glasser choice theory on the general health and obsessive beliefs of divorced women.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study 30 divorced women were non-randomly divided into the two interventions and control groups (15 participants in each group). Perior of the study the general health questionnaire (GHQ) (anxiety, social function, somatic symptoms and depression) and obsessive thoughts questionnaire (OBQ-44) (responsibility, perfectionisn and importance of thoughts) were completed by subjects in both groups. Counselling with Glasser approach was performed for intervention group through 8 group sessions once a week and lasted for 120 minutes. Control group received no intervention. At the end of the study, Post-test was performed from both groups.
Results: Group training based on reality therapy in intervention group's participants caused a significant reduction in all items of the two variables, general health and obsessive thoughts in compared to the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Group based reality therapy based on Glasser choice theory improves general health of divorced women and reduces their obsessive beliefs.

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Background and Objective: Nursing is one of the most stressful occupations and one of the common stress-induced syndromes among nurses is low resilient. Raising resilience is one of the effective factors in dealing with tensions. This study was done to determine the relationship between optimism and humor with resilience in female nurses.
Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 230 female nurses who worked in Isfahan, Iran during 2016. The number of nurses in different departments in these hospitals was 600; finally, 235 people were randomly selected using the Morgan table. In order to collecting data, sense of humor questionnaire by Lefcourt & Martin (SHQ), life orientation optimism questionnaire Carver & Scheier (LOT-R), and Conner and Davidson resilience questionnaires were used.
Results: There was a significant negative relationship between optimism and resilience (P<0.05). Also, there was a significant and positive correlation between humor and resilience (P<0.05). The fact that all the sub-scales of humor can predict resilience, laughter has the greatest effect on resilience.
Conclusion: This study showed that with increasing humor, resilience is rising in female nurses.

 

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Background and Objective: Childhood behavioral and emotional problems may be continus to puberty, even extend to elderly. This study was carried out to determine the role of family accommodation of child symptoms, parenting style and parental stress in prediction of anxiety disorder in children with 6 - 10 years old in Golestan province, north of Iran.

Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study 300 children with 6-10 years old and their mothers were selected by randomized cluster sampling method during 2017. The questionnaires of family accommodation scale-anxiety (FAS-A, 2013), parent stress index-sort form (PSI-SF, 2000), Bamerind parenting styles questionnaire 1973 and Spence child anxiety scale-parent form (SCAS-P, 1998) were completed by the mothers.

Results: Increasing family accommodation and parenting stress significantly correlated with increasing children anxiety (P<0.05). The authenticated childbearing style by parents significantly correlated with reducing the anxiety in children (P<0.05), but authoritarian parenting and permissive parenting by parents significantly correlated with increasing the anxiety in children (P<0.05). Authenticated childbearing style along with authoritative parenting style, parental stress and family support could predict 49% of children's anxiety (F=97.91, P<0.0001).

Conclusion: Authoritative and authoritarian parenting, parenting stress, family accommodation has an effective role in predicting children's anxiety.

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Background and Objective: Couple burnout is phenomenon which affects many couples. It is the main cause of emotional divorce, and it can provide a ground for formal divorce of couples. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of stress inoculation training (SIT) on reducing couple burnout among married women.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 30 married women whom refered to Aram psychological and counseling service center in Gorgan, norhern Iran during 2016. The subjects selected by available sampling method and were assigned into intervention and control groups via a non-randomized method. Subjects in intervention group were received the stress inoculation training intervention in eight 2-hour session in groups (one session per week). The control group did not receive intervention until the end of the follow up stage. The data gathering tool was Couple Burnout Measure of Pinez (1996) which was completed by all subjects in pre-test, post-test and one-month follow up.

Results: After treatment and one-month follow up, the stress inoculation training intervention was effective on reducing couple burnout and its components including physical fatigue, mental fatigue, and emotional fatigue (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Stress inoculation training reduces couple burnout and its components in married women. Therfore, stress inoculation training recommends to be an appropriate interventional option for reducing marital problems and improving couple relationships.

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Background and Objective: Generalized anxiety disorder is a prevalent, chronic and disabling mental disorder. This study was done to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness based on stress reduction therapy and neurofeedback training on the clinical symptoms of individual with generalized anxiety disorder.

Methods: This clinical trial study, was done on 20 individual with generalized anxiety disorder referring to counseling centers in the city of Neyshabur in north-east of Iran during 2017. The subjects were randomly divided into mindfulness based on stress reduction therapy and neurofeedback training. The first group participated in 8 sessions of mindfulness based on stress reduction, while second group participated in sessions of neurofeedback training. The participants completed generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale, Penn state worry questionnaire, intolerance of uncertainty scale and metacognition questionnaire.

Results: Both the two methods were effective the reducing the generalized anxiety disorder symptoms, worry, negative belief about worry and intolerance of uncertainty (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between mindfulness based on stress reduction therapy and neurofeedback training in reducing the generalized anxiety disorder symptoms, worry, negative belief about worry and intolerance of uncertainty.

Conclusion: Both of the two methods including the mindfulness based on stress reduction therapy and neurofeedback training are effective in reduction of the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.

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Background and Objective: Parents of children with cancer are more susceptible to psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, stress, and generally, mental health risks. This study was done to determine the effectiveness of group acceptance and commitment therapy on self-efficacy among mothers of children with cancer.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 30 mothers of children with cancer referring to Children’s Medical Center in Tehran, Iran during 2017. Mothers were non-randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. For gathering the data, the parental self agency measure of Dumka and colleagues (PSAM; 1996) was used. The group acceptance and commitment therapy was offered to subjects in the interventional group for 2-hour in 10 sessions, but the control group's mothers did not receive any intervention.
Results: Mean scores of self-efficacy among mothers of children with cancer were 31.40±6.40 and 53.87±13.35 in pre-test and post-test, respectively (P<0.05). Mean scores of self-efficacies among mothers in the control group were 30.07±5.73 and 29±7.58 in pre-test and post-test, respectively. This difference was not significant.
Conclusion: Acceptance and commitment therapy significantly improves parental self-efficacy among mothers of children with cancer.

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Background and Objective: The mental health of cancer patients impaired by suffering, future worriness, and fear of death. This study was conducted to determine the effect of acceptance and commitment based training on the difficulty of emotion regulation and mental health in women with breast cancer.
Methods: In this clinical trial study, 30 female patients with breast cancer were randomly divided into control and intervention groups (n=15). The intervention group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes of acceptance and commitment procedures. Before and after the treatment and two months there after, all participants were evaluated and compared with the Gratz-Romer 2004 and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28).
Results: Emotion regulation score in the intervention group was singnificantly reduced from 113.52±4.16 to 104.67±3.96 (P<0.05). Emotion regulation score remained low in the intervention group in the follow up period (104.17±3.58); but the mean in the control group did not show any significant reduction. In the intervention group after the treatment, the total score of mental health reduced from (46.81±4.21) to (33.18±3.39) (P<0.05). This score was 33.12±3.33 in the follow-up period in the intervention group; but no significant reduction was observed in the control group.
Conclusion: Acceptance and commitment technique training can improves mental health and emotion regulation in women with breast cancer.

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Background and Objective: Depression is the most common psychiatric diagnosis. It causes major health problems. Women are more likely to develop depression than men. This study was done to investigate the effect of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on reducing depression and improving the quality of life of female students.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 26 female students. Students non-randomly were divided into control and intervention groups. Students in intervention group were received the two periods (8 sessions, 2 hours at week) of training in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. All the participants filled out Beck depression inventory II (BDI-II) and World Health Organization Quality of Life – BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) in perior and after the study.
Results: In the intervention group the mean and standard deviation of pre-test and post-test scores of BDI-II was 20.23±6.98 and 13.38±4.97, respectively (P<0.05). In the intervention group, mean and standard deviation of pre-test and post-test scores of WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was 66.77±13.39 and 86.84±10.60, respectively (P<0.05). Also, the mean scores of post-test of quality of life in all subgroups items  was significantly increased in compared to the pre-test in the intervention group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy increases the quality of life and reduced depression in female students.

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Background and Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a development nervous disorder that it is usually caused by a defect in the executive functions of the brain and reduces the amount of attention, accuracy, and increased mobility and impulsive behaviors in the individual. This study was performed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive rehabilitation after drug therapy on the executive functions of brains of childrens with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Methods: In this clinical trial study, 45 children with ADHD were randomly divided into three groups including one control and two intervention groups, were monitored by the education counseling center. Intervention group one (cognitive rehabilitation) and intervention group two (cognitive rehabilitation after medication) were received therapeutic intervention for 12 sessions of 45 minutes, twice a week. No intervention was performed for the control group. After the last treatment session, a post-test was performed. The follow-up phase took place 1.5 months after the end of the last intervention session.
Results: The executive functions of the brains of children with cognitive impairment in the cognitive rehabilitation group and the cognitive rehabilitation group after drug therapy showed a significant increase in comparison with the control group (P<0.05). The executive functions of fertilizer after 1.5 months of follow-up in the cognitive rehabilitation group after drug therapy were higher than in the cognitive rehabilitation group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Cognitive rehabilitation therapy after drug therapy was more effective in treating increased executive functions of the brain in children with cognitive impairment than cognitive rehabilitation therapy alone.