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Showing 1245 results for Type of Study: Original Articles
Atena Sadat Jamali , Farida Abesi ,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The infraorbital canal (IOC) is located in the floor of the orbit and terminates at the infraorbital foramen below the orbital rim. The IOC is a crucial anatomical landmark for successful anesthesia in dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the position and dimensions of the IOC based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on CBCT images of 250 individuals (105 males and 145 females) (mean age = 36.14±17.7 years) referring to a specialized oral and maxillofacial radiology clinic in Babol, Iran, during 2021-22. Three different types of IOC pathways from the sinus roof were measured: Completely located within the maxillary sinus roof (Type 1), located below the maxillary sinus roof (Type 2), and suspended from the maxillary sinus roof within the septum or lamella of the infraorbital ethmoid cell (Type 3). Additionally, the angles between the IOC and the infraorbital groove with the maxillary sinus roof, the angles between the IOC and the infraorbital groove, the lengths of the IOC and the infraorbital groove, and the distances of the IOC from various anatomical landmarks were measured. Distances of the IOC (mm) were evaluated from other anatomical landmarks according to gender and age groups.
Results: Overall, various pathways of the IOC from the sinus roof were 39.4% in Type 1, 53% in Type 2, and 7.6% in Type 3; the mean distance of the IOC to the infraorbital rim was 8.58±1.30 mm, and to the midpoint of the canine root was 10.16±0.81 mm. The mean length of the canal was 25.89±2.47 mm, and the infraorbital groove was 5.06±0.58 mm; and the mean angle between the IOC and the infraorbital groove was 153.20±3.28 degrees. In general, the distance of the IOC to the midpoint of the canine root on both the left and right sides was greater in males than in females, which was statistically significant on the left side (P<0.05). It was found that the length of the IOC and the angle between the IOC and the infraorbital groove on the left side had statistically significant correlations with age groups (P<0.05). The mean distance from the foramen to the infraorbital rim and the length of the IOC were proportional to the degree of nerve protrusion into the maxillary sinus; however, no significant correlation was found between the types of canals (degree of nerve protrusion) and gender.
Conclusion: Type 2 was the most common pathway of the IOC from the sinus roof. Although Type 3 was less common, due to the high risk associated with this type of canal, surgeons should be fully aware of the morphology and anatomical position of the IOC during sinus and orbital surgeries to reduce probable injuries.
Ali Shafizadeh , Farhad Shourie , Behnam Ghasemi , Sajad Bagherian ,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Restrictions imposed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a decrease in physical activity levels across various age groups, particularly among students. This study aimed to determine the effect of eight weeks of corrective exercises on musculoskeletal pain levels in 13-15-year-old students.
Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 101 students (44 girls and 57 boys) aged 13 to 15 experiencing musculoskeletal pain in various body parts in Bandar Mahshahr, Khuzestan Province, during the second half of the academic year 2021-2022. Participants were selected based on the Adolescent Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), considering only the first question regarding the presence or absence of pain in each of the nine body regions (neck, shoulder, elbow, hand, upper back, lower back, pelvis, knee, and ankle) in the past seven days. A score of 1 was assigned to the presence of pain and 0 to the absence of pain. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups of 60: A control group and an intervention group. The intervention group performed corrective exercises at home for eight weeks, with three sessions per week, each lasting 40 minutes. No intervention was provided to the control group. Musculoskeletal pain levels in the neck, shoulder, upper back, elbow-arm, wrist, lower back, knee, and ankle were then compared in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of the total pain scores for the intervention and control groups were 1.32±0.41 and 1.33±0.46 in the pre-test, 1.01±0.08 and 1.34±0.46 at the post-test, and 1.17±0.36 and 1.11±0.31 at follow-up, respectively. Results revealed that eight weeks of corrective exercises significantly reduced musculoskeletal pain levels in the students’ neck, shoulder, upper and lower back, elbow, knee, wrist, ankle, pelvis, and thigh (P<0.05); however, this improvement was not sustained at the follow-up.
Conclusion: Performing corrective exercises reduced musculoskeletal pain levels in the neck, shoulder, upper and lower back, elbow, knee, wrist, ankle, and pelvis and thigh of 13-15-year-old students; however, the benefits were not sustained when the exercises were stopped.
Zahra Aghajani, Somayeh Rajabi, Sayyed-Javad Ziaolhagh,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Methamphetamine is a highly addictive drug associated with severe psychosocial consequences and is extensively abused. This study aimed to determine the effects of four weeks of aerobic exercise and berberine supplementation on the expression of dopamine 5 receptor and poly (adenosin diphosphat [ADP]-ribose polymerase (PARP) genes in the heart tissue of methamphetamine-exposed rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 30 female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups of six: Control, methamphetamine, methamphetamine + aerobic exercise, methamphetamine + berberine, and methamphetamine + aerobic exercise + berberine. Intraperitoneal injections of methamphetamine (10 mg/kg) and aerobic exercise and berberine consumption (100 mg/kg) were administered for 4 weeks during the withdrawal period. The expression levels of dopamine 5 receptor and PARP genes was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results: There was no significant difference in PARP gene expression between the methamphetamine group (1.02±0.65) and the control group (1.02±0.24). Similarly, there was no significant difference in dopamine 5 receptor gene expression between the methamphetamine group (5.74±4.94) and the control group (4.76±2.63). The expression levels of PARP and dopamine 5 receptor genes following exercise (1.01±0.55 and 4.30±1.96, respectively), berberine supplementation (0.61±0.25 and 2.97±1.45, respectively), and the combined intervention (0.67±0.30 and 3.43±1.87, respectively) showed no significant differences between the groups.
Conclusion: Short-term methamphetamine induction did not induce significant changes in the expression of dopamine 5 receptor and PARP genes in the hearts of methamphetamine-exposed rats.
Zahra Jafari , Mohamad Hossein Razi Jalali , Sara Larki , Mohamad Khosravi ,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and the second most common in women. The use of parasites or parasite antigens is one of the newest therapeutic approaches for cancer, although it has not yet been used or approved in human trials. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxic effects of purified carbohydrates from the hyaline layer, fluid, and protoscolices of hydatid cysts on the human colorectal cancer cell line (LS174T).
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on two sheep and two cow livers infected with hydatid cysts, and the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (LS174T) purchased from the Pasteur Institute of Iran at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran during 2022. Cyst fluid, protoscolices, and the hyaline layer were isolated from the hydatid cyst-infected livers, and glycoproteins and glycolipids from different parts of the cyst were extracted using the chloroform-methanol method. Carbohydrates were purified using the beta-elimination method and their presence was confirmed using the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The cytotoxicity of purified carbohydrates on the LS174T cell line was evaluated using the methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay for 24 hours.
Results: Concentrations of 0.5 and 0.25 of purified carbohydrates from glycoproteins and glycolipids of hydatid cysts significantly inhibited the growth of LS174T cells (P<0.05). Initial cytotoxicity evaluation showed that purified carbohydrates from glycoproteins of sheep cyst fluid (38.60±1.33%), glycoproteins of cow cyst hyaline layer (36.61±1.76%), glycolipids of cow cyst hyaline layer (38.94±2.99%), glycoproteins of cow cyst protoscolices (40.27±3.66%), and glycolipids of sheep cyst protoscolices (37.94±1.99%) had significantly more pronounced inhibitory effects (P<0.05). Subsequent screening with the MTT assay revealed that purified carbohydrates from glycoproteins isolated from sheep hydatid cyst fluid (52.35±10.24%), glycolipids isolated from cow hydatid cyst hyaline layer (53.40±7.88%), and glycolipids isolated from sheep hydatid cyst protoscolices (53.05±5.06%) had significantly more pronounced inhibitory effects on the growth of LS174T cancer cells (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Carbohydrates isolated from glycoproteins and glycolipids of the hyaline layer, fluid, and protoscolices of hydatid cysts have significant anticancer effects on the LS174T colorectal cancer cell line.
Mohammad Sharifi , Javad Mazloom Khorasani , Parisa Rajaee ,
Volume 26, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The therapeutic outcomes of amblyopia after the age range of 8-10 years are poor, and amblyopia in older individuals is resistant to treatment. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), among the efforts intended to modulate cortical excitability in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, has been believed to be associated with a specific disease. This study aimed to determine the effect of rTMS on the treatment of treatment-resistant amblyopia in adult patients.
Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 16 patients (12 males and 4 females) with unilateral amblyopia, with a mean age of 30±5 years referring to the clinics of Khatam al-Anbia Eye Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, during 2016-17. Patients were randomly selected from those with unilateral amblyopia (refractive, strabismic, or mixed) who had not responded to conventional treatments (patching or penalization). The healthy eye was considered a control. The therapeutic intervention consisted of four rTMS sessions at two-week intervals. Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were measured and compared three times: Before the intervention, at the first session of intervention, and at the fourth session of intervention.
Results: The mean visual acuity at baseline (0.36±0.19) was not significantly different compared to the first treatment session (0.41±0.1); however, a significant increase was observed compared to the fourth session (0.45±0.23) (P<0.05). The mean contrast sensitivity at baseline (2.02±0.74) was not significantly different compared to the first (1.97±0.63) and the fourth (2.16±0.94) treatment sessions.
Conclusion: In most follow-ups, improvement in contrast was not observed in patients with treatment-resistant amblyopia at older ages using rTMS. Only an improvement in visual acuity was observed in the last follow-up compared to the baseline in the patient group.
Maryam Abolghazi , Majid Shahbazi , Mohammad Jafar Golalipour ,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Demyelinating lesions, widespread tissue damage, and neuronal connectivity impairments in white matter are associated with reduced cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. These findings are particularly prominent in the corpus callosum of the brain. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine secreted by regulatory T cells (Tregs) with anti-inflammatory properties and can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages and T cells. IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine involved in the immune system of autoimmune diseases. The IL-6 gene consists of 5 exons, 4 introns, and a proximal promoter region located on the 7p21 chromosomal locus in humans. This study aimed to determine the effects of IL-10 (-1082/-819) and IL-6 (-174) gene polymorphisms on corpus callosum changes in women with MS.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 40 women with MS aged 20-40 years referring to Golestan and Kowsar Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) centers in Gorgan and 20 women without MS, autoimmune or inflammatory diseases over 40 years during 2015. Ten mL of blood was taken from the subjects for genotyping. Additionally, DNA extraction was performed using the phenol-chloroform method, and DNA genotyping was performed using the sequence specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) method. Brain MRI images of the subjects were employed to measure the corpus callosum and to investigate the relationship with the investigated polymorphisms.
Results: After performing the tests and obtaining different IL-6, IL-10 (-819), and IL-10 (-1082) genotypes, no significant statistical correlation was observed between IL genotypes in the case and control groups. Additionally, no significant correlation was observed between the different IL-6, IL-10 (-819), and IL-10 (-1082) genotypes and changes in the size of different parts of the corpus callosum, including rostrum width, splenium width, body width, the ratio of body length to anteroposterior length, and the ratio of body length to maximum height between the case and control groups. Reductions in the variables of rostrum width, splenium width, body width, the ratio of body width to anteroposterior length, and the ratio of body width to maximum height were significant in both case and control groups (P<0.05). Only the reduction in splenium width was significantly associated with the occurrence of MS (P<0.009, odds ratio [OR]=2.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]=4.51-1.22).
Conclusion: There was no relationship between the morphometric changes of reduced corpus callosum and the changes in IL-6, IL-10 (-819), and IL-10 (-1082) genotypes in patients with MS.
Mohammad Sharifi , Samira Hassanzadeh, Marzieh Najjaran , Negar Shahsavar , Negar Morovatdar ,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Intermittent exotropia is the most common form of exotropia in children. Non-surgical treatments include refractive error correction, occasional patching of the normal eye in young children, prism therapy, and orthoptic exercises. This study aimed to compare the effects of wearing overminus spectacles versus patch therapy in 3- to 8-year-old children with intermittent exotropia.
Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 30 children (9 boys and 21 girls) with intermittent exotropia aged 3 to 8 years with no previous treatment history referring to the strabismus clinic of Khatam-al-Anbia Hospital in Mashhad. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: Patch therapy (n=20) and overminus (n=10). In the patch therapy group, the patient’s healthy eye was patched for 2 to 4 hours a day for 6 months. Overminus spectacles were selected based on cycloplegic refraction between 2 and 4 diopters. Astigmatism was fully prescribed. Patient follow-up time was 3 months and then 6 months. Finally, data, including the size of the deviation and the degree of deviation control, were collected and analyzed.
Results: The median spherical error of patients before intervention in the overminus group was +1 diopter in the right eye and +0.75 diopter in the left eye, and in the patch therapy group, +0.75 diopter in both the right and left eyes. Six months after the intervention, the median spherical error in the overminus group was +0.62 diopters in both the right and left eyes, and in the patch therapy group, +0.75 diopters and +0.62 diopters in the right and left eyes, respectively. No significant statistical difference was found between the study groups. The median deviation size of patients in the overminus group before intervention was +25 prism in distance vision and +25 prism in near vision, and 6 months after intervention, it was +22.5 prism in distance vision and +20 prism in near vision. Also, the median deviation size of patients in the patch therapy group before intervention was +25 prism in distance vision and +25 prism in near vision, and 6 months after intervention, it was +25 prism in distance vision and +25 prism in near vision. No significant statistical difference was found between the study groups. The median deviation control based on the Newcastle Scale Score (NSS) of patients before intervention was 3.5 in the overminus group and 4 in the patch therapy group, which was 1.5 in the overminus group and 3 in the patch therapy group 6 months after the intervention. Although there was a greater improvement in control based on the NSS in the overminus group compared to the patch therapy group.
Conclusion: Both overminus and patch therapy are effective in treating patients with intermittent exotropia. In patients using the overminus method, deviation control is higher compared to the patch therapy method.
Ali Nasr-Esfahani, Kosar Pashaei , Marziyeh Tavalaee , Paria Behdarvandian , Bahare Nikoozar, Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani ,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Obesity and advancing age in men, in addition to numerous health problems, can negatively affect spermatogenesis and fertility potential. The present study aimed to determine the correlation of sperm parameters with age and body mass index (BMI) in infertile men.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, semen parameters (concentration, motility, and morphology) of 7069 men referring to an infertility center in Isfahan were evaluated based on the 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. BMI was calculated by dividing an individual’s weight (kg) by the square of their height (m).
Results: A weak positive correlation was observed between men’s BMI and age (P<0.001, r=0.07). Also semen volume (P<0.001, r=-0.02), sperm concentration (P<0.001, r=-0.02), and sperm count (P<0.001, r=-0.04) had a weak negative correlation with BMI. No statistically significant correlation was observed between sperm motility and BMI. Regarding men’s age, only a weak negative correlation was observed between this parameter and sperm motility (P<0.001, r=-0.04).
Conclusion: Increasing BMI and age in men may be associated with decreased sperm quality and fertility potential.
Leila Kashani , Fatemeh Sadat Samsam Shariat , Najmeh Shahini , Gholamreza Veghari , Aazam Sadat Heydari Yazdi ,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: In the post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era, messages and video calls with loved ones, family, and friends have brought individuals closer together and made social isolation more bearable. Although the utilization of these tools has numerous positive aspects, there are also negative ones. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Internet addiction among medical students at Golestan University of Medical Sciences and its association with psychiatric disorders.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 189 medical students (73 males and 116 females; mean age=23.35±3.03 years) at Golestan University of Medical Sciences in 2021. A convenience sampling method was used, and all students were taken into account as the statistical population. Data collection tools included Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) short form, which were completed by the students.
Results: Fifty (26.45%) medical students were identified as being at risk of Internet addiction, and 3 (1.58%) students were classified as having Internet addiction. Less than 4% of the students had severe psychiatric disorders, while 9.5% to 19.6% exhibited various psychiatric disorders of moderate severity. Beyond the area of hypochondriasis symptoms, significant positive correlations were found between Internet addiction and increased psychiatric disorders in other areas, including depression (r=0.285, P<0.001), hysteria (r=0.170, P<0.019), psychopathy (r=0.338, P<0.001), paranoia (r=0.384, P<0.001), mania (r=0.336, P<0.001), psychasthenia (r=0.432, P<0.001), and schizophrenia (r=0.415, P<0.001). With increasing Internet addiction, the severity of psychiatric disorders also increased.
Conclusion: The prevalence of Internet addiction among medical students was shown to be at a low level, but the severity of psychiatric disorders increased with higher levels of Internet addiction.
Mohsen Yekrang , Mahsa Besharat , Sima Besharat , Javad Enayat, Khadije Amjadi ,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Poisoning is one of the most common reasons for emergency department visits worldwide. Awareness of poisoning patterns helps identify risk factors and enables early diagnosis. In Iran, narcotics are among the main causes of poisoning in children. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of narcotics-induced poisoning in children under 18 years old referring to the Al-e-Jalil Educational and Therapeutic Center in Aq Qala, Golestan Province.
Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 36 children aged 1 month to 18 years (22 boys and 14 girls; mean age: 51.62±36.25 months) referring to the Al-e-Jalil Educational and Therapeutic Center in Aq Qala due to narcotics-induced poisoning from 2020 to 2022. Samples were included in the study using census. Patients’ medical records were reviewed and recorded in a checklist.
Results: The highest poisoning rate stemmed from the consumption of opium (69.4%), followed by methadone (25%). Decreased level of consciousness upon hospital admission was determined to be 66.7%. The interval between poisoning and hospital admission was 5.60±3.86 hours. The mean length of hospital stay was 1.25±0.80 days, and no patients died. Most children were male (61.1%), Turkmen (69.4%), and rural residents (86.1%). The highest cases of poisoning occurred in the summer (36.1%). The most common route of contact was oral (97.2%).
Conclusion: The poisoning rate with opium is higher compared to other narcotics. However, there is strong evidence of increased opium use among young people and some evidence of increased methadone use.
Hamed Sheikhalizade , Fariborz Imani , Amir Ali Jafarnezhadgero , Majid Mafi ,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Gait is a fundamental movement pattern influenced by various structures. This study aimed to determine the effect of sand-based training on ground reaction force frequency spectrum in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and pronated feet during gait.
Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 28 male students with pronated feet and ACL injuries aged 22-25 years at Mohaghegh Ardabili University. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups of 14: A control group and a sand-based training group. The ground reaction force variables were measured using a force plate in the pre-test and post-test.
Results: The number of necessary harmonics in the free moment component decreased by 15.95% in the post-test (16.48±4.14) compared to the pre-test (19.11±2.15) of the control group (P<0.05). The number of necessary harmonics in the mediolateral direction of the ground reaction force decreased by 23.34% in the post-test (15.59±3.92) compared to the pre-test (19.23±2.66) of the training group (P<0.05). Additionally, the number of necessary harmonics in the anteroposterior direction of the ground reaction force increased by 33.04% in the post-test (21.61±2.55) compared to the pre-test (14.47±4.11) of the training group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Sand-based training was able to improve the gait mechanics of individuals with ACL reconstruction and pronated feet.
Ali Mikaeili , Samira Ghasemi , Nastaran Ghiasvand , Abdolmajid Valadbeigi , Mahdi Mojarrab ,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Dermatophytosis is a significant skin disease in both humans and animals. Its resistance to common treatments is on the rise. Allylamines, polyenes, and azoles are prominent groups of anti-fungal drugs used to treat dermatophytosis. Various species of Artemisia, which are widely distributed in Iran, are regarded as a rich source of natural compounds with valuable biological activities. This research aimed to determine the anti-fungal effects of aerial part extracts of Artemisia biennis, Artemisia ciniformis, and Artemisia turanica.
Methods: This descriptive study examined the petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanolic, and hydroalcoholic aerial part extracts of Artemisia biennis, Artemisia ciniformis, and Artemisia turanica against fungi causing dermatophytosis. The investigated fungi included Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton verrucosum, Epidermophyton floccosum, and Microsporum cannis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test was performed based on the agar dilution method. The most active extracts were investigated in preliminary phytochemical tests.
Results: In the initial screening, Epidermophyton floccosum and Microsporum cannis exhibited the highest resistance (11 out of 15) and sensitivity (12 out of 15), respectively, to the tested extracts. Petroleum ether extracts from all three Artemisia species were the most active extracts used in the tests. Hydroalcoholic extracts showed the least anti-dermatophytic activity. The lowest MIC (78.1 μg/mL) was recorded for the petroleum ether extract of Artemisia ciniformis against Trichophyton rubrum. Preliminary phytochemical studies showed the common presence of terpenoids in all plant species extracts.
Conclusion: Some lipophilic compounds present in petroleum ether extracts of Artemisia biennis and Artemisia ciniformis, as well as dichloromethane extract of Artemisia biennis, exhibited significant in vitro anti-dermatophytic activities.
Rozita Kaviani , Nafiseh Hekmatipur ,
Volume 26, Issue 4 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background and Objective: School-age children often experience separation anxiety due to being away from their families. A therapeutic approach to address this issue is Theraplay-based play therapy. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Theraplay-based play therapy on separation anxiety in elementary school girls.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial involved 60 elementary school girls from Aliabad-e-Katoul County, Iran, divided into two groups of 30: A control group (mean age: 8.69±0.71 years) and an intervention group (mean age: 8.9±0.85 years) in 2023. Hahn et al.’s Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale (SAAS) (parental version, 2003) was administered as a pre-test and post-test to assess separation anxiety. The control group received no intervention. The intervention group participated in ten 45-minute Theraplay-based play therapy sessions with their mothers for 10 days.
Results: The mean total separation anxiety score in the pre-test was 82.2±9.27 in the intervention group and 83.53±8.8 in the control group, showing no statistically significant differences. Similarly, there were no significant differences between the two groups in pre-test scores for separation anxiety dimensions. However, the mean total separation anxiety score in the post-test was 78.36±7.87 in the intervention group and 84.03±9.01 in the control group. This difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Furthermore, significant differences were observed in all dimensions of separation anxiety (P<0.05) except for the frequency of events in the intervention group before and after the intervention.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the Theraply-based play therapy effectively reduces separation anxiety in elementary school girls.
Saeed Kokly , Omid Momen , Omid Kor , Seyyed-Mohsen Hosseininejad ,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Adhesive capsulitis is one of the most common shoulder disorders, particularly in diabetic patients, and its treatment has been challenging. Adhesive capsulitis begins with a gradual increase in shoulder pain, spontaneous onset, and limitation of active and passive movements of the glenohumeral joint in all directions. In 90% of cases, it responds to conservative treatment; however, if there is no symptomatic improvement after 3-6 months of conservative treatment, surgical treatment, including arthroscopic or open capsular release, should be considered. The current study aimed to compare the efficacy of non-surgical and arthroscopic treatments on shoulder function and pain in diabetic patients with adhesive capsulitis.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 48 diabetic patients (16 males and 32 females; mean age: 53.56±15.93 years) with adhesive capsulitis referring to the orthopedics clinic of 5th Azar Educational and Therapeutic Center in Gorgan, Iran during 2021-2022. Initially, patients were placed under the supervision of shoulder fellowship for conservative treatment for 3 months, and patients without any clinical improvement and with resistant to conservative treatments after 6 months were included in the study. Patients were voluntarily decided to be assigned to one of two treatment groups: Non-surgical (conservative treatment) and arthroscopic surgical (arthroscopic shoulder release). The functional outcomes and limitations of shoulder movement of patients were compared based on the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score in the pre-test and after 3 and 6 months of intervention. The data were presented using descriptive statistical indices. Then, the functional outcomes and limitations of shoulder movement were evaluated.
Results: The mean shoulder function score 3 and 6 months after the intervention was lower in the arthroscopic release surgery group (45.80±19.32 and 43.10±14.12) than in the conservative treatment group (67.89±17.46 and 72.10±15.16) (P<0.05). The mean and standard deviation of symptom scores, such as pain, burning, weakness, and stiffness of the shoulder, 3 and 6 months after the intervention were lower in the arthroscopic release surgery group (12.70±5.66 and 10.02±4.06) than in the conservative treatment group (19.83±8.17 and 21.14±9.37) (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The decreased shoulder function and symptom severity at 3 and 6 months after the intervention was more effective in the arthroscopic release surgery group than in the conservative treatment group.
Leila Sabouri , Abbas Meamarbashi , Mohsen Barghamadi , Zeljko Zilic , Amir Fatollahi ,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is among the common causes of anterior knee pain in adolescents and individuals under 60 years of age. This study was conducted to determine the effect of closed kinetic chain exercises on changes in plantar foot pressure dynamics in women with PFPS.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 30 female university students aged 20 to 35 divided into two groups of 15 (one group diagnosed with PFPS and a healthy control group) at Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2023. The PFPS group had a pain history of at least two months to a maximum of one year. The experimental group performed closed kinetic chain exercises three times a week for eight weeks. Plantar foot pressure variables were measured using a pressure foot scanner (sampling rate of 300 Hz).
Results: The peak forces in the first toe during slow-speed running exhibited a statistically significant decrease in both the healthy group (64.91 ± 28.69) and the PFPS group (215.19 ± 60.28). Furthermore, the time to reach the peak ground reaction force in the PFPS group (49.65 ± 44.332) showed a statistically significant increase during the post-test at slow-speed running (P<0.05). The external heel force (153.97±3.62) and the fifth metatarsal bone (65.19±19.77) in the healthy group demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the post-test compared to the PFPS group during fast-speed running (P<0.05). In both the healthy and PFPS groups, statistically significant decreases were observed in the post-test for center of pressure (COP) displacement variables in the mediolateral and anteroposterior directions during both slow-speed and fast-speed running (P<0.05). Additionally, in the healthy group, a statistically significant reduction was found in the post-test for COP displacement at the first toe (64.5±51.08) during fast-speed running (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Closed kinetic chain exercises lead to a statistically significant reduction in plantar foot pressure variables in women with PFPS and healthy women.
Zakieh Solbi , Gholamhassan Vaezi , Abbasali Dehpour Juibari , Nahid Masoudian , Vida Hojati ,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Sodium valproate (SV) is a commonly used antiepileptic drug; however, its therapeutic application is limited due to its potential to induce oxidative stress. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, possesses antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to determine the effect of resveratrol on SV-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampal tissue of BALB/c mouse fetal brains.
Methods: In this experimental study, 40 pregnant female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to 5 groups of 8, including control, SV at 40 mg/kg/bw, SV at 40 mg/kg/bw + resveratrol at 0.6 mg/kg/bw, SV at 40 mg/kg/bw + resveratrol at 0.35 mg/kg bw, and SV at 40 mg/kg/bw + resveratrol at 0.225 mg/kg/bw. SV was administered orally per day, and resveratrol was administered daily via intraperitoneal injection. From gestational day 8 to 18, pharmacological interventions were initiated and continued until the birth of the neonates. On gestational day 18, the maternal mice were anesthetized, and 8 fetuses from each group were separated. Following the anesthesia of the fetuses, the brain tissue was dissected. Subsequently, oxidative stress parameters, including the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in nmol/mg as an index of lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) level alterations in µg/mg, and protein carbonyl (PC) level alterations in nmol/mg, were evaluated in the hippocampal tissue.
Results: SV induced oxidative stress by increasing MDA (4.8 nmol/mg) and PC (51.4 nmol/mg protein), and also decreasing GSH (31.86 μg/mg) in the brain tissue compared to the control group (P<0.05). In a concentration-dependent manner, resveratrol reduced oxidative stress by decreasing MDA and PC to 3.02 and 37.21 nmol/mg, respectively, and also by increasing GSH to 49.76 μg/mg in the brain tissue. The most significant effect was observed at a concentration of 0.6 mg/kg/bw, which was statistically significant compared to the SV group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The combined administration of SV and resveratrol culminates in a reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress-related factors in mouse fetuses.
Afagh Zamen Ghadirli , Hessamedin Babaei , Marzieh Goodarzi , Soheil Shahramirad , Aref Arminfar , Alireza Avazzadeh , Behrooz Yahyaei , Leila Khojasteh,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Ketamine, a derivative of phencyclidine, is utilized as an anesthetic agent in surgical procedures. Like other medications, it can be associated with various adverse effects on different organs in the body. This study was conducted to determine the effect of injectable ketamine on the histopathological changes in the liver in neonates born to pregnant rats subjected to short-term and long-term anesthesia.
Methods: In this experimental study, 15 pregnant female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of 5 each: A control group, a short-term anesthesia group (receiving an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine at a dosage of 25 mg/kg/bw), three times per week for 4 weeks), and a long-term anesthesia group (receiving an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine at a dosage of 75 mg/kg/bw, once per week for 4 weeks). Following parturition and during the lactation period, when the neonatal rats reached two weeks of age, they were initially anesthetized and sacrificed for tissue sampling via intraperitoneal injection of 7 units of ketamine and 3 units of xylazine. Tissue samples, with a thickness of 5 to 6 microns, were sectioned and examined using light microscope after fixation in formalin.
Results: In the short-term anesthesia group, dilation of the centrilobular veins and fluid accumulation were observed, with an intensity score of 2. Additionally, some hepatocytes exhibited degenerative-necrotic changes, characterized by acidophilic and dark cytoplasm, with an intensity score of 1. In the long-term anesthesia group, the liver tissue showed hyperemic changes in the portal space with a score of 1, as well as increased dilation of sinusoidal spaces and centrilobular veins of varying sizes and irregularities, also with an intensity score of 1. Fluid and blood accumulation were also noted in some of these structures. In the control group, cellular structures were maintained with complete regularity, and the intensity score of changes was determined to be zero.
Conclusion: Ketamine administration to pregnant rats can induce histopathological changes in the liver tissue of their offspring. These detrimental changes were more pronounced in the long-term group compared to both the short-term and control group.
Mahboobeh Zahedi , Kazem Shariatnia , Afsaneh Khajevand Khoshli ,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Substance use disorder is recognized as one of the most significant issues impacting the youth population both globally and within our country, leading to psychological consequences alongside physical problems. Aggressive behaviors are among the behavioral complications resulting from substance abuse. This study was conducted to determine the effect of group schema therapy on aggressive behaviors in individuals with substance use disorder.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 42 male participants with substance use disorder at the Hirkanian Comprehensive Addiction Treatment Centerin Gorgan, Iran during 2021. An 8-session integrated schema therapy protocol was implemented in the experimental group. The schema therapy protocol included cognitive techniques (schema validity testing), assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of coping styles, experiential strategies, such as mental imagery and role-playing in the group, mindset dialogue, and identification and practice of healthy behaviors as alternative solutions to the most significant problematic behaviors. Scores on the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (1992) were compared between the control and intervention groups in the pre-test and post-test phases.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of post-test aggression scores in the experimental group (79.619±12.212) significantly decreased compared to the control group (107.476±7.890) (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Schema therapy was found to be effective in reducing aggressive behaviors in individuals with substance use disorder.
Navid Mohammadi , Kiana Aslani Mehr , Abbas Allami ,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Background and Objective: The widespread use of digital devices by children has become a significant threat to global health. This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation among screen time, sleep quality, and overweight in preschool children.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 100 preschool children (46 boys and 54 girls) aged 3 to 6 years and their parents in the city of Qazvin, Iran during 2019-2020. Data were collected using interviews and the Factors Associated with Screen Time in Iranian Children and Adolescents Questionnaire (Mozafarian et al., 2017).
Results: Seventy-six percent of the children were the firstborn in their families. The mean cumulative screen time for the children was four hours per day. Fifty percent of the parents did not adequately supervise their child’s television screen time at home. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between body mass index (BMI) and television screen time duration (r=0.24, P=0.01). With an increase in the children’s cumulative screen time, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the child’s sleep duration (r=−0.21, P=0.04). Although mothers had a significantly higher mean screen time compared to fathers (P<0.001), children’s television screen time exhibited a statistically significant correlation with their fathers’ television screen time (r=0.23, P=0.002).
Conclusion: The mean screen time for preschool children is high. Furthermore, the mean screen time is associated with children’s decreased sleep duration and increased BMI.
Seyyed Kamaladdin Mirkarimi , Abdolhalim Rajabi , Ali Maghsoudloo ,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Family-centered empowerment involves engaging clients and their families in decision-making processes to improve health outcomes, thereby enabling them to exert control over their health status through informed choices. Self-efficacy is considered the most crucial component of empowerment and holds significant importance in the management of chronic diseases and the enhancement of self-efficacy. This study was conducted to compare the effects of patient-centered and family-centered empowerment model-based training on perceived self-efficacy and fasting blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 120 patients with type 2 diabetes who attended rural comprehensive health centers in Gorgan, Iran, during 2023. Patients were enrolled in the study using a multi-stage cluster sampling method and were divided into three groups of 40: A control group, a family-centered empowerment group, and a patient-centered empowerment group. The interventions in the patient-centered and family-centered groups were delivered in 6-8 people groups based on a four-stage model. These stages included threat perception, problem-solving, educational participation, and evaluation. Patients in the control group received only the routine health center training. Data collection instruments included the standard Perceived Self-Efficacy Questionnaire in middle-aged diabetic patients and a checklist for recording clinical characteristics.
Results: The fasting blood glucose levels decreased in all three groups after the intervention; however, this difference was not statistically significant among the groups in either the pre-test or the post-test. In the post-test, a statistically significant increase in perceived self-efficacy was observed between the patient-centered group and the family-centered group, as well as between the patient-centered group and the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The patient-centered and family-centered empowerment model-based training on patients’ perceived self-efficacy was evaluated as effective; however, it had no effect on the fasting blood glucose levels of patients with type 2 diabetes.
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