---

Background & Objective: Burning is a general health problem and is also a global injury as well as a very serious sanitary issue in industrial and developing countries. In its severe form, burning can claim lives. It seems essential in every society to analyze burning, to study the causes of burning, treatment outcomes and the death rates, etc. to find proper preventive measures. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the medical records of all patients who were hospitalized and finally deceased during the years 2002 and 2004 in Zare' teaching hospital, Sari, were examined. Some variables including the age span average, the degree and percentage of burning, patients' residence, gender, the cause of burning (i.e. boiling water, fire, acids and explosives), average hospitalization period, surgery and also the abundance of self – burning attempts were examined. Results: This study indicate that during these 3 years the total number of those who died from burns was 506 (23.4%). The residential places were in Mazanderan province (41.7%), Golestan province (41.4%), and Gilan province (10.2%). The abundance of burning ranges as below: The 2 and 3 degree of burning at 91.8%. Regarding the percentage of burns, 31.7% of abundance pertains to burning at 90% and more. The greatest external causes leading to burns are petrol, gas, and gas oil at 57.9%. Also, the percentage of burns does not have much influence on death rate among 50 – year – olds and older people. Conclusion: This study indicated that the importance of death between burned patient in special sex and age. To establish hospitals, some issues must be considered as: distance, transportation, route dangers, characteristics of area, existing epidemiological survey, and finally the epidemics and event statistics.

---

Background & Objective: Preterm infants have less iron storage compared with the term one. Due to rapid growth they need more iron during infancy. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of early iron supplementation on hematologic indices and incidence of iron deficiency anemia in preterm infants. Materials & Methods: This experimental study was done on 20-days-old preterm breast-feed infants referred to the Gorgan-North of Iran primary health care services for vaccination, without any underline disease or growth retardation during 2005. They were divided to two groups (n=15 in each) and a questionnaire was completed for each case. Iron drop (2mg/kg) was given in the interventional group. Iron deficiency anemia was assesed in all sample T-student test and chi-square were used to analyze the independent variables and comparing the hematologic indices, after entering in SPSS-13 software and testing the normal distribution with komologrof-smearnoff test. Relative risk index (RR) was used to compare the two groups. Results: The relative risk of iron deficiency anemia in the interventional group was 0.4 folds [RR=0.4,CI %95 for RR=(0.091,1.749)]. No significant difference was seen between the two groups. Conclusion: The finding of this study showed that iron drop supplementation for preterm infant prevent the iron defeciency anemia, although this observation was not significant.

---

Background and Objective: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease in which free radicals play an important role in its pathogenesis. It is supposed that diet enriched with Omega 3 fatty acid and antioxidant compounds can be effective in the treatment of this disease. Grape seed extract contains potent antioxidant compounds. The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible useful effects of fish oil and grape seed extract enriched diets on the reduction of colonic damage and inflammation in acetic acid induced colitis. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 50 male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=10). Fish oil group (F group) received 1.6 ml fish oil, grape seed group (G group) received 50 mg/kg grape seed extract and fish oil + grape seed group (FG group) received 1.6 ml fish oil + 50 mg/kg grape seed extract orally for 1 month. Rats in control group (C group) and colitis group (Co group) received distilled water. After 1 month colitis induced in groups with intrarectal administration of 1ml acetic acid (4%) to induce ulcerative colitis. The control group received intrarectal saline. Two days after the induction of colitis the degree of tissue injuries and inflammation were assessed by macroscopical and histopathological scores of colonic mucosa. Results: Acetic acid administration induced ulcers, inflammation and severe crypts damages in mucosal tissue of the colon. The rats with colitis in the FG group showed significantly less macroscopic, microscopic damages and inflammation in colonic tissues compared with those in colitis group. However treatment with grape seed extract and fish oil did not result in any significant improvements in macroscopic and microscopic scores. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that fish oil and grape seed extract enriched diets before colitis induction play a protecting role against damages due to acetic acid induced colitis.