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Background and Objective: Drug resistance to tuberculosis and especially multiple drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) variants are a serious problem in tuberculosis patients and make difficulties in controlling the disease. This study was coducted for detection of common mutations causing drug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains among tuberculosis patients using line probe assay method. Method: In this descriptive study, fifty four sputum samples of tuberculosis patients were randomly selected in health centers of Mazandaran, northern Iran during 2012. After culturing of sputum samples on Lowenstein–Jensen medium, genomic DNA was extracted from colonies using CTAB method. Molecular analysis of mutations causing resistance to five different antibiotics including Isiniazide, Rifampin, Sterptomycine, Amicasin / Canamycine, Kinolon were performed using long probe assay (LPA) method. Results: Out of 54 sputum samples, three (5.5%), three (5.5%), four (7.4%) were resistance to Kinolon, Amicasin / Canamycine and Sterptomycine, respectively. Mutation in KATG was seen in 2 samples resistant to Isiniazide. Mutation in rpoB 516 was seen in 3 samples resistant to Rifampin. Four samples (7.4%) were resistant to the two anti-tuberculosis antibiotics, while three samples were resistant to Sterptomycine and Kinolon and one sample was resistant to Rifampin and Canamycine. Conclusion: 7.4% of sputum samples were resistant to the two anti- tuberculosis antibiotics. Line probe assay is a rapid and suitable method for detecting tuberculosis drug resistance.

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Background and Objective: The infection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most complex items addressed in the clinical microbiology. Although H. pylori positive subjects are bound to develop into atrophic gastritis, current body of evidences is rare. Due to the high prevalence of this bacterium worldwide, finding the true virulence factors as biomarkers for severe gastroduodenal diseases was the priority in recent researches. This study was carried out to determine the prevalancy of cagA and babA of Helicobacter pylori isolated from gastric atrophic patients.
Methods: This descriptive – analytical study was conducted on 100 patients with gastroduodenal disorders in Labafinejad hospital in Tehran, Iran during 2018. Identification of each patient and also bacterial isolation were undertaken according to the standard protocols.
Results: H. pylori were isolated in 23% of patients. 10 patients affected by atrophic gastritis followd by gastric ulcer (7 patients) and acute gastritis (6 patients). In totally, the rate of cagA gene and babA in H. pylori isolated with positive results was 52% and 34%, respectively. There was a significant association between the presence of cagA positive strains and patients with gastric atrophic (P<0.05). The babA gene did not correlate with the presence of gastric atrophic patients.
Conclusion: This study showed that various carrying cagA positive H. pylori can be recovered from patients with gastric atrophy.