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Background&Objective: It is natural that there is close relationship between cranial capacity, and the size of brain, several studies have estimated the cranial capacity which indirectly reflects the brain volume in different countries. In the present study cranial capacity has been estimated in Turkman’s 17-20 years old group in North of Iran. Materials&Methods: This study was carried out on 401 normal 17-20 years old (male 198, female 203) in South-East of Caspian Sea border (North of IRAN). By using linear dimensions of the head (Using Lee- Pearsom's Formula). Results: The mean and SD of cranial capacity in males and females were 1420.6±85 ml and, 1227.2±120 ml, respectively, this difference was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: This investigation was shown that the cranial capacity is higher in male than female also racial and Geographical factors can affect on cranial capacity.

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Background&Objective: Celiac is a digestive disease. In this disease, small bowel is damaged and the absorption of nutrients are adversely affected. These patients do not absorb gluten. There is probably a correlation between esophagus cancer and celiac. The aim of this research was to study the seroepidemiology celiac disease in this area with high prevalency of esophagus cancer. Materials&Methods: This research was a descriptive study, which was performed on blood donors in Golestan province during the year 2005-06. blood samples were taken from 2547 subjects. tTG-IgA determination were carried out using ElISA technique, the titre<4U/ml, 4-10U/ml and >10Um/l were considered to be as negative, weakly positive and positive respectively. EMA antibody assessment were carried out on all sample population with more than 4U/ml, using IFA method. Results: 28 subjects (1.1%) had tTG-Ab positive test, out of this number 18 subjects (0.7%) were weakly positive and 10 persons (0.4%) were considered to be positive. EMA test were positive in 70% of subjects with tTG positive results. There was not any significant meaning between positive tTG test and ethnicity from weakly positive tTG, 15 subjects (83.3%) and 3 subjects (16.7%) were male and female respectively. The entire tTG positive were male subjects. Conclusion: In regard to high prevalency of esophagus cancer in the region and the relation of celiac disease with above cancer, it seems necessary to look more seriously at the celiac disease.

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Background and Objective: Probiotc bacteria have benefical effect on consumer health. This study was done to investigate the antimicrobial effect of several probiotic in combinations with different prebiotics against food patoghenic bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes.

Methods: In this descriptive - analytical study, probiotics including Lactobacillus plantarum, L. acidophilus, L. fermntum, L. casei and L. rhamnosus with prebiotics (1%) including raffinose, lactulose, inulin and trehalose were cultured in MRS broth for 24 hours at 30ºC in anaerobic conditions. Antimicrobial property of them was determined with well diffusion plate's method.

Results: Probiotics in the presence of prebiotics indicated the higher antimicrobial effect compared to probiotics alone (P<0.05). The application of prebiotics such as L. casei with raffinose showed higher antimicrobial property against Listeria monocytogenes than the free prebiotics consumption. The diameter of inhibitory growth zone in the presence of raffinose as a prebiotics was 14.66 mm and its absence reduced to 11.75 mm.

Conclusion: Antimicrobial effect of probiotics in combination with prebiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes was higher than probiotics consumption alone.

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Background and Objective: All organisms for managing behaviors require to use of cognitive patterns of the central and peripheral nervous system. This study was done to compare the metacognitive beliefs and tolerance of ambiguity in depressed, anxious and normal people.
Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was done on 120 depressed, anxious and normal people depressed, anxious and normal people in psychiatric clinic of Zare hospital in Sari city north of Iran during 2017. To measure ambiguity in depressed, anxious and normal people the tolerance for ambiguity scale of lane, wells metacognitive scale, Beck anxiety inventory (BDI) and Beck depression inventory (BDI) were used in this study.
Results: Tolerance of ambiguity significantly increased in depressed and anxious groups in comparison with controls (P<0.05). Positive worry beliefs significantly reduced in depressed group in comparison with controls (P<0.05). Negative meta-cognitive beliefs about the thoughts and metacognitive beliefs significantly reduced in depressed group in compared to control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: This study emphasized the extent of anxiety and depression disorders in relation to in- effective metacognitive problems. These ineffective beliefs can cause a decrease in psychological tolerance.
 

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Background and Objective: Hyperlipidemia and high level of serum total cholesterol are risk factors contributing to prevalence and severity of cardiovascular complications like coronary heart diseases. Lamiaceae plants have terpenoids and flavonoids can reduce triglyceride and cholesterol, therefore. This study was done to evaluate the effect of feeding with essential oil of Thymus deanensis Celak. on lipid profile, blood urea and liver enzymes in hyperchlostrolemic male Wistar rats.

Methods: This experimental study was performed on 36 male Wistar rats. Animals were randomly divided into 6 groups (there were 6 rats in each groups). The groups including control, sham, two groups receiving 200 and 500 ppm Thymus deanensis essential oil and hyperchlostrolemia groups treated with doses of 200 and 500 ppm of Thymus deanensis essential oil. Hyperchlostrolemia was induced by giving high cholesterol (2%) and sweet almond oil (97.5%) diet. The animals were treated for 32 days with essential oil of the thyme. At the end of the 32-day trial, blood sampling was performed. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, urea and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) liver enzymes were measured.

Results: The level of ALT and AST in hypercholesterolemia rats were significantly increased in comparison with the control group (P˂0.05). Thymus daenensis essential oil significantly reduced level of triglycerides and cholesterol (P˂0.05). The high dose of Thymus daenensis (500 ppm) essential oil more than a low dose (200 ppm) significantly reduced the level of cholesterol and triglyceride (P˂0.05). Blood urea nitrogen significantly increased in hypercholesterolemia group in compare to control group (P˂0.05). After the administration of essential oil with a minimum and maximum dose in hypercholesterolemia rats, the level of urea in the blood significantly decreased (P˂0.05). The level of ALT and AST in hypercholesterolemia rats significantly increased in comparison with the control group (P˂0.05). AST level significantly reduced in the groups of rats which received minimal and maximal doses compared to the group hypercholesterolemia (P˂0.05).

Conclusion: By lowering blood lipids, urea and liver enzymes after the use of essential oils, it seems that the Thymus daenensis dose-dependent is effective in improving liver function, kidney and high level of  lipid.

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Background and Objective: Developmental disorder and environmental factors are considered as the main causes in postural abnormalities in children and adolescents. This study was done to evaluate the role of BMI, physical activity and the use of electronic device in the status of trunk abnormalities in male adolescents.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 480 boys of 13 to 15 years old in Golestan province, northern Iran. Trunk abnormalities were measured using a spinal mouse. Physical activity was assessed using a standard physical activity questionnaire. Use of electronic device was measured using the form of rate of use of electronic device.
Results: Kyphosis abnormality in 13, 14 and 15 years-old male adolescents were reported 70%, 65% and 75%, respectively. In addition, 60% of 13 years-old, 40% of 14-years-old, and 50% of 15-years-old adolescents had lordosis abnormality. There was a direct and significant correlation between kyphosis abnormalities with BMI and using electronic device as well as a reverse significant correlation between lordosis abnormality and BMI was demonstrated.
Conclusion: This study indicated that trunk abnormalities are relatively common in male adolescents in Golestan province, northern Iran. Also, BMI and the use of electronic device can also affect these abnormalities.