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Background & Objective: Free radicals are formed in all living organisms during normal cell metabolism. Patients with chronic renal failure, which regularly dialyzed are the candidates for, free radical damages. The aim of this study with the discriminative information was to evaluate the effect of hemodialysis on Lipid peroxidation (The level of Lipid peroxidation expressed as malondialdehyde) and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme (Glutathione peroxidase) before and after the dialysis and compared with control group, to find out the effect of hemodialysis on the level of Lipid peroxidation of plasma and the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme. Materials & Methods: This investigation was an analytical type of study and sampling procedure was according to purposive method. 22 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) disease who were hemodialysed at 5th Azar Hospital of Gorgan dialysis center and 22 age and sex matched healthy control were recruited for this study. The data was analyzed by SPSS software using T-test. Results: Plasma malondialdehyde showed significant difference between the predialysis (And control group. It was increased in the postdialysis group (2.32±0.38 nmol/ml) when compared with predialysis (1.27±0.23 nmol/ml) and control group (0.98±0.17 nmol/ml). Erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme was decreased in postdialysis group (22.26±4.76 unit/gram hemoglobin) when compared with predialysis (29.66±5.95 unit/gram hemoglobin) and control group (37.52±6.26 unit/gram hemoglobin). There was also significant difference between control and predialysis group. Erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme was lower than control group in dialysis group. Conclusion: The observation of meaningful differences in reduction of erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme and increasing level of plasma Lipid peroxidation in the hemodialysed patients after the process of dialysis, maybe related with the patient, uremia, dialysis membrane (The loosing antioxidant enzyme through this membrane), and the dialysis process (May increase Lipid peroxidation during the dialysis process). These states of affairs may play an important role in progress of cardiovascular abnormality in hemodialysed patients. Due to this conditions a review of hemodialysis membrane, the techniques used in the dialysis, the consumption of various oral antioxidant, the elimination of active oxygens from the dialysis surrounding are among the measures which can prevent sudden cardiovascular abnormality in the hemodialysis patients and ultimately these important factors up-grade the patients quality of life.

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Background & Objective: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a significant problem during pregnancy because it can be developed into more severe infections that may have repercussions for the health of the mother and unborn child. The aim of this study was to assess relationship between asymptomatic bacteriuria and preeclampsia in Gorgan. Materials & Methods: This case control study performed on 150 preeclamptic women (Case group) compared with 150 healthy pregnant women (Control group) who hospitalized from 2002 to 2002 (Gravid, age and history of preeclampsia was matched with 2 group). The questionnaires and checklist was completed, urine analysis, and urine culture were performed. The data analyzed with SPSS software and statistical descriptive and analytic such as: T-student, U-Mann Whitney. Results: The risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women with ABS was 3.2 fold to healthy pregnant women (OR=3.22, CI 95% for OR=1.99, 5.21). Conclusion: Asymptomatic bacteriuria may predisposing factor to preeclampsia, we suggest screening of ASB in the 1st prenatal care and follow in 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy o prevent the main side effect in pregnancy and the safety of mothers.

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Background & Objective: We have two areas in gluteal region for intramuscular injection‚ Ventrogluteal and Dorsogluteal. This study was done to compare pain intensity and bleeding rate after injection in Ventrogluteal and Dorsogluteal area.

 

Materials & Methods: This clinical trial study was done on 67 males in 5th Azar hospital in Gorgan north of Iran. Patients had 2 injections during 24 hours. For every patient one injection was done in Dorsogluteal area and the second injection was done in Ventrogluteal area. For every patients the pain intensity and rate of bleeding for every injections recorded. Data analyzed by SPSS-11.5 software and Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Wilcoxon tests.

 

Results: In Dorsogluteal area 83.5% of patients had a low and medium pain‚ where as in Ventrogluteal area 88% of patients had a low and medium pain and 9% of them had not any pain. The Mean±SD of pain intensity in Dorsogluteal area was 50.79±1.682 and in Ventrogluteal was 40.79±1.878. The Mean±SD of bleeding in Dorsogluteal and Ventrogluteal areas were 0.73±0.102 and 0.19±0.047 respectively. There were significant differences in pain intensity and bleeding between two groups (P<0.05).

 

Conclusion: We concluded that the injection in Ventrogluteal area has a less pain and bleeding rate in comparison with Dorsogluteal area.

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Background and Objective: Radiotherapy is a main therapeutic regiment in the treatment of head and neck cancers. Radiation not only eradicate cancer but it also cause damage to healthy surrounding tissues, giving rise to objective and subjective problems. This study was done to evaluate the subjective complications of post radiation in patients with head and neck cancer. Methods: This descriptive –analytic study was carried out on 45 patients with head and neck cancer (28 males and 17 females) whom were gone under radiotherapy in Rasht, Iran. Subjective complications evaluated before, during, 1 month and 3 months after radiotherapy. Persian version of LENT-SOMA questionnaire was used. Pain, xerostomia, dysphagia, trismus and dysgeusia were recorded for each subject. Results: 80% of subjects experienced Pain. In the study period, pain intensity, frequency and analgesic consumption were belonging to ear and throat. One month after post radiation, pain intensity, frequency and analgesic consumption belong to ear, throat, jaw, mouth and teeth which were significantly more than 3 months after radiotherapy (P<0.05). One month after post treatment, xerostomia, dysphagia, trismus and dysgeusia were significantly more than 3 months after radiotherapy (P<0.05). Pain in ear and jaw had significant correlation with radiation dosage (P<0.05). Conclusion: Intensity of subjective complains were aggravated and merge one month after radiotherapy and can be reduced to nearly the initial stage of treatment, three months after radiotherapy.

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Background and Objective: Due to the spread of the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the amount of physical activity and exercise in people’s lifestyles was greatly reduced to reduce interpersonal contact to control the infection. The current study aimed to investigate students’ physical fitness levels during the quarantine period of COVID-19, and the study examined its changes after four months of training at home.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was done on thirty-two students (16 males and 16 females) in Shahrekord University, Iran during 2019-21. Physical fitness (swimming, Sit-ups, jumping rope, and flexibility) was measured and compared three times before the start of the Coronavirus, one year after the beginning of the Coronavirus, and after four months of exercise at home.
Results: COVID-19 leads to a decrease in the level of physical fitness in the post-exam phase compared to the pre-exam phase. Due to the restrictions related to the quarantine period, students’ physical fitness levels showed a significant reduction in the post-corona period compared to the pre-corona period. In addition, four months of training at home showed a significant effect on physical fitness indicators, compared to the time of quarantine, in such a way that the average of physical fitness factors increased significantly (P<0.05). Therefore, growing measures are needed to motivate and support students to maintain a conscious level of physical fitness to avoid any threat to the population’s health, especially in quarantine conditions.
Conclusion: The quarantine period during the outbreak of COVID-19 caused a decrease in the physical fitness of the studied students, and performing four-month exercises at home increased their physical fitness.

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Background and Objective: Ankle instability is one of the most prevalent injuries among athletes. Biomechanical changes, sensory-motor impairments, and neuromuscular disorders have been reported in individuals with chronic ankle instability. The present study was conducted to compare the electrical activity of selected leg and thigh muscles during performing functional movements in female athletes with and without chronic ankle instability.
Methods: This case-control research was conducted on 40 female athletes in the age range of 18-30 years in two groups, including the case (with ankle instability, n=20) and healthy control (without ankle instability, n=20) groups. The electrical activity of selected leg and thigh muscles was recorded during three functional patterns, i.e., the overhead squat, overhead squat with heel lift, and single-legged squat, by electromyography apparatus. The investigated muscles consisted of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle, the gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) muscle, the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, the fibularis longus (FL) muscle, the soleus (SO) muscle, the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle, the vastus mediali (VM) muscle, and the biceps femoris (BF) muscle.
Results: The activity of the VM, VL, BF, and TA muscles in the single-legged squat and the activity of the VM, VL, BF, SO, and TA muscles in the overhead squat showed a statistically significant increase in the case group compared to the control group (P<0.05). The highest difference in the muscle activity of the two groups was observed in the overhead squat with heel lift movement, which in this movement, except for the GL muscle, there was a statistically significant increase among all other muscles (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Functional movements culminate in increasing the electrical activity level of leg and thigh muscles in female athletes with ankle instability.