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Background&Objective: Nowadays epidemiologic paterns of the diseases are verifying rapidly non-contagious diseases like mental disorders are replacing contagious one. Several people, unaware of their psychiatric problems seek medical advise and treating. College students are susceptible to mental disorders because of their conditions. This research was done to evaluate mental health state in students of Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Materials&Methods: 218 students of Golestan University took part in this research. SCL-90-R was the test for evaluation, after collecting the questionnaires and entering into SPSS-10 software, data were analyzed with chi-square and Fisher-exact test. Results: The momental prevalence was estimated 72%. 157 persons had disorder, at least in one dimension, and 16 persons (7.34%) had severe disorder at least in one. Marriage and psychosis, paranoid & anxiety had meaningful relations (P<0.05), residental site and paranoid had meaningful relations (P<0.05), higher levels of father’s education and interpersonal sensitivity had meaningful relation (P<0.05), Family history of mental disorders, moderate interest in education, field of study and phobia had meaningful relationships (P<0.05), females had higher scores in depression (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to this high prevelence of mental disorders it seems that mental health’s problem is critically high in this region, much more attention should be paid to prevent further complications.

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Background&Objective: Transurethral resection of prostate (TUR-P) is the Gold standard therapy in benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Urinary tract infections are one of the most important complications of this method. Prophylactic antibiotic regimen and the duration in preventing the infections are controversial. This study was designed to compare three different prophylactic regimens in TUR-P. Materials&Methods: In this interventional study, patients with sterile urine analysis and culture prior to TUR-P were classified in to three groups (A, B and C). One single-dose Keflin was prescribed before the operation. Four additional doses of Keflin were given to group B patients after TUR-P. Group C was similar to group B but Ciprofloxacin was given to them until catheter removal. Data were analyzed with SPSS-11.5. ?2 test and ANOVA were used. P-value less than 0.05 considered significant. Results: The incidence of positive urine cultures in group A, B and C were 35%, 20% and 11.5%, respectively. No significant relationship was seen between UTI and antibiotic regiments. Conclusion: There was not any significant relationship between UTI and different regimens although UTI rate was lower in the group with longer duration of the prophylaxis. Complementary studies are suggested for application of this regimen.

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Background&Objective: The ways of prevention of wound infections are too much, and some references mentioned that one of those ways is dressing. Dressing can cause a sort of spiritual transquility for patients, too. In the other side, doing it causes some kinds of limitations such as preventing of taking a bath or spending expenses. So, we decided to consider the influence of continuation of dressing, on the rate of wound infection, after first 48 hours post operation.
Materials&Methods: In this research, we studied on 150 patients who were under the same surgeries, So that in the half of them, after 48 hours dressing were removed, and in the half remaining, dressing were changed daily for one week. In both groups, in the third, seventh and thirtieth day after surgery were inspected and examined by surgeon, in the case for having or absence of symptoms and signs of infection. In subgrouping patients we considered some factors include age, sex, type of operation and predisposing diseases. The 30 th day post operation was the end of our study and information analyzed in the computer with SPSS software.
Results: The average age in the group of without dressing was 35.12±20.19 and in the group with full dressing was 37.61±18.78 years. There were 74 men and 76 women. There was Just one wound infection in our study, who had dressing for one week. The case was woman without serious disease, and a half day before surgery was admitted in the hospital. In the group without dressing, we did not have any wound infection. 5.3% were nervous in the no dressing group and the 17.3% of patients with dressing were anxious of having their bath with delay.
Conclusion: According to the no impression of dressing on the rate of wound infection in the clean surgeries after first two days and also lack of considerable anxiety in the non dressing group, we recommend picking up the clean wounds dressing after 48 hours and make patients feel guaranteed.

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Background & Objective: At least about 30 percentage of children hospitalize in hospital in their childhood. Hospitalization of children cause anxiety, due to separation from their parents ,fear of new environment, disabilities and continuation of life. This study was done to determine the effect of music on the rate of anxiety among 9-12 years old hospitalized children.

 

Materials & Methods: This semi experimental study was done on sixty 9-12 years old children who are confined to bed in Taleghani hospital in Gorgan north of Iran during 2002-3. 60 of children were divided to 2equal groups of intervention and control randomly. The tools of gathering data including information questionnaire, patients demographic, state – trait anxiety inventory for children Spillberger (STAIC), face anxiety children examined scale Piyeri (FACES) information was compared before and after the intervention the collect. For intervention group, 2 music therapies listening of music section, for the 2 continuous days and each section lasted for 20 minutes. The collected data before and after intervention were analyzed by using Kolmogrov-Smironov, c², independent-sample T test, Wilcoxon signed Ranks, Bartlet and Mann Whitney test.

 

Results: There was not any difference between the average of state anxiety and amount of face anxiety in both group before execution of music therapy but there was a significant difference for the intervention group after the music therapy (p<0.05). Also the decrease in the rate of anxiety in intervention group can related to the executing of music therapy.

 

Conclusion: Music therapy reduced the rate of anxiety among the 9-12 years hospitalized children.

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Background & Objective: Preterm infants have less iron storage compared with the term one. Due to rapid growth they need more iron during infancy. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of early iron supplementation on hematologic indices and incidence of iron deficiency anemia in preterm infants. Materials & Methods: This experimental study was done on 20-days-old preterm breast-feed infants referred to the Gorgan-North of Iran primary health care services for vaccination, without any underline disease or growth retardation during 2005. They were divided to two groups (n=15 in each) and a questionnaire was completed for each case. Iron drop (2mg/kg) was given in the interventional group. Iron deficiency anemia was assesed in all sample T-student test and chi-square were used to analyze the independent variables and comparing the hematologic indices, after entering in SPSS-13 software and testing the normal distribution with komologrof-smearnoff test. Relative risk index (RR) was used to compare the two groups. Results: The relative risk of iron deficiency anemia in the interventional group was 0.4 folds [RR=0.4,CI %95 for RR=(0.091,1.749)]. No significant difference was seen between the two groups. Conclusion: The finding of this study showed that iron drop supplementation for preterm infant prevent the iron defeciency anemia, although this observation was not significant.

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Background & Objective: Health evaluation and growth monitoring of the infant is a visual diagram of growth and primary health services are based on it. In the best option, these indices must be provided separately for each community. This study was done to evaluate growth indices of newborns in Gorgan- Northern Iran. Materials & Methods: In this observational descriptive study which was carried out during (Oct-Nov 2003), all healthy infants without any major abnormality born within 25-42 weeks of gestational age were evaluated in Dezyani Hospital, Gorgan growth indices (head circumference, length and height) were measured in 1011 infants. Gestational age was defined by Balard scoring and delivery type was recorded, too. After entering data into SPSS-10 software, data were analyzed using chi-square, t-test and correlation bivariate. Results: Mean gestational age (±SD) was 39.86±1.72 weeks and most of them were born by vaginal delivery. Amongst them, 3.2% were premature (less than 37 weeks), 4.4% were low birth weight and 0.69% were very low birth weight. Correlation between growth indices and gestational age was significantly positive in all cases (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that growth indices are lower than other parts of Iran. Further investigations needed, especially longitudinally and cross-sectional, to determine the growth indices in this region and in other parts of country.

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Background and Objective: Using of laryngeal mask air way (LMA) was recommended for air way management in short duration elective surgeries. One of its side effects is the increasing of secretion of air way and subsequently laryngospasm. Anticholinergic drugs (hyoscine NBB and atropine) have been administrated to reduce of these side effects. This study was carried out to compare the atropin and hyoscine n-butylbromide (NBB) on hemodynamic and nausea and vomiting in anesthesia with laryngeal mask air way. Materials and Methods: In this randomized double- blind control trials, 100 patients (20-50 years) with class 1 and class 2 of Anesthesia, have been operated less than one hour under general anesthesia with LMA during 2007-08 in Beheshti hospital. These patients were divided to 2 groups every other one randomly with equal persons. After controlling the base of heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), both groups was administrated to premed according weight. Then 0.5mg/5ml atropine to the first group and 10mg/5ml hyoscine NBB (Buscopan) to the second group was injected and hemodynamic was controlled after two minutes. Anesthesia with thiopental sodium was induced and LMA was inserted. Then hemodynamic was controlled during the time. The amount of secretions of air way was investigated according to the numbers of suction at the end of surgery and after removing of LMA. The severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting was assessed with attention to need of patients to antiemetic until 6 hours. Data was analyzed statistically. Results: Antiemetic effect of atropin and hyoscine n-butylbromide (NBB) was similar. With mild secretions, moderate and sever antisialague effect of hyoscine NBB was 80%, 18% and 2% and in atropine group was 72%, 22% and 6% retrospectively. Heart rate increase (less of 20%) without rising MAP was obsered in two groups. Conclusion: This study showed that the effects of hyoscine and atropine in decreasing airway secretions, nausea and vomiting is similar.

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Background and Objective: Nausea and vomiting are common complications after surgery which creates spasm, hypoxia and pulmonary aspiration. This study was done to determine the effect of ondansetrone, metoclopramide associated with dexamethasone on postoperative nausea and vomiting in cholecystectomy surgery using Laparoscopic method. Methods: In this double blind clinical trial study, 100 patients with ASA class I and II undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy divided randomly into two groups. The patients in the first group were received metoclopramide (10mg/kg/bw) with dexamethasone (8mg/kg/bw) and the second group were received ondansetron (4mg/kg/bw) with dexamethasone (8mg/kg/bw) intravenously 5 min before the final stage of surgery. Premedication and induction of anesthesia in patients were equal 5 minutes to 4 hours after surgery, postoperative nausea and vomiting were recorded for each patient. Results: The rate of nausea in the first and the second groups were recorded 38% and 28%, respectively. The rate of vomiting in the first and the second groups were recorded 30% and 16%, respectively. These values were not significant. Conclusion: Ondansetron with dexamethasone non significantly reduced postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in comparison with metoclopramide with dexamethasone.

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Background and Objective: Couple burnout is phenomenon which affects many couples. It is the main cause of emotional divorce, and it can provide a ground for formal divorce of couples. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of stress inoculation training (SIT) on reducing couple burnout among married women.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 30 married women whom refered to Aram psychological and counseling service center in Gorgan, norhern Iran during 2016. The subjects selected by available sampling method and were assigned into intervention and control groups via a non-randomized method. Subjects in intervention group were received the stress inoculation training intervention in eight 2-hour session in groups (one session per week). The control group did not receive intervention until the end of the follow up stage. The data gathering tool was Couple Burnout Measure of Pinez (1996) which was completed by all subjects in pre-test, post-test and one-month follow up.

Results: After treatment and one-month follow up, the stress inoculation training intervention was effective on reducing couple burnout and its components including physical fatigue, mental fatigue, and emotional fatigue (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Stress inoculation training reduces couple burnout and its components in married women. Therfore, stress inoculation training recommends to be an appropriate interventional option for reducing marital problems and improving couple relationships.

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Background and Objective: The undesirable and destructive effects of stress on the lives of many couples are grounds for marital burnout and consequently, the quality of the couple’s marital relationship is affected. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) training on reducing couple burnout among women.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 30 married women referred to the Counseling and Psychological Services Center during 2016 with a score of 75 on their marital burnout questionnaire. Subjects were selected using available sampling method and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups that each included 15 members and the pre-test-post-test-follow-up method was performed. The intervention group participated in an 8-session course of mindfulness-based stress reduction training. No intervention was provided for the subjects in the control group until the end of the follow-up stage. The data were collected using Pines Marital Burnout Scale (1996) which were completed in pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up stages by subjects in both groups. In the study groups, the components of marital burnout including physical fatigue, mental fatigue and emotional fatigue were compared and evaluated.
Results: Mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention reduced marital burnout and its components (physical fatigue, mental fatigue, and affective fatigue) in the interventional group compared to the control group at the end of the intervention and after one month follow-up (P<0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that mindfulness-based stress reduction training is an effectiveness intervention for reducing the level of marital burnout among women.