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Background and Objective: There are controversial reports about the effect of training on serum level of visfatin and TNF-α Cytokine .This study was done to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic training on serum level of visfatin and TNF-α in non-athletic young women. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, thirty non-athletic healthy women were non-randomly based on the weight, height, BMI index and body fat percentage divided into two control and training groups. In the training group 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on a stationary bicycle 3 times a week was performed. Serum level of visfatin and TNF-α was measured using ELISA method, prior and at the end of 8th week of training while the subjects were fasted for 12-14 hours. Results: At the end of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise, serum level of visfatin and TNF-α significantly reduced in the training group in comparison with controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: Eight weeks of aerobic training reduces visfatin and TNF-α serum level in non-athletic healthy women.

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Background and Objective: Ginger as a medicinal herb is used as a food flavoring and thraphy of many diseases including infertility and male sexual disabilities. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of alcoholic extract of Ginger during fetal life and breastfeeding on serum level of testosterone, LH, FSH and spermatogenic cell lines in male mature offspring rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 72 female adult mice were randomly allocated into the 9 groups, including: control group (no treatment), sham groups including neonatal and perinatal groups which were received normal salin (0.5 ml daily) and 6 interventional groups. Animals in interventional groups were received doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/bw of alcoholic extract of Ginger, during neonatal and perinatal period, orally. After puberty eight male rats from each group were sacrified. Serum level of testosterone, LH, FSH were measeared and then by isolating testes, the cell numbers of leydig, sertoli, spermatogonia, spermatocyte and spermatid were counted. Results: The extract of Ginger dose-dependently significantly increased the level of testosterone (P<0.05) and the number of spermatogenic cells in compared to controls (P<0.05). The dosage of 100 and 200 mg/kg/bw of alcoholic extract of Ginger significantly reduced the FSH and LH in compared to controls (P<0.05) Conclusion: The oral consumption of Ginger during pregnancy and lactation dose-dependently increase the level of testosterone and the number of spermatogenic cells.

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Background and Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune-inflammatory disease with possible joint destruction and disability. Persica plant, seems contain anti-inflammatory capabilities. This study was done to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Ferula persica resin on induced rheumatoid arthritis by Freund's complete adjuvant in rat.
Methods: In this experimental study, 36 male Wistar rats (200-250 g) and 8 weeks old were randomly allocated in 6 groups including normal group, positive control, negative control, and groups treated with the hydroalcoholic extract of persica resin with 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg/bw doses. The resin of persica was extracted by Maceration method. On the first day, inflammation was induced with injection of 0.2 ml of Freund's complete adjuvant into the right knee joint of rats and from the fifteenth day hydroalcoholic extract was injected intraperitoneally and daily for 15 days. On the 30^th day, blood samples were taken from hearts for rheumatoid factor measurement. Histological slides were prepared from knee joint.
Results: The level of RF in the three treatment groups was significantly reduced compared to the negative control group (p<0.05). Destruction of cartilage were observed in treated group with dose of 25 mg/kg/bw in comparision with positive control group, treated group with 50 and 75 mg/kg/bw doses. Also in the negative control group, synovial hyperplasia, pannus and the destruction of cartilage were observed.
Conclusion: It seems that hydroalcoholic extract of Ferula persica resin can causes dose dependent reduction of inflammation and destruction of cartilage result from induced rheumatoid arthritis in the rats.

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