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Background & Objective: Menopause effect on women quality of life and mental health. This study performed to determine the effect of supportive group therapy on menopause mental health condition in Sharekord.

 

Materials & Methods: This study is a quasi experimental research. 46 menopause women who had research condition divided in case and control group. We used GHQ28 and demographic questionnaire in 3 stages for data gathering. group therapy session perform for case group. Data was analysed with SPSS soft ware and analyctic and descriptive statistic index such as Paired T and correlation exam.

 

Results: After group therapy in all dimention performed, significant progress in case group (p<0.05). In addition there was significant difference between case and control group in mental health score after group therapy (p<0.05). There is no any correlation between demographic variable with mental health condition.

 

Conclusion: This study showed effectiveness of group therapy in mental health condition of menopause women. We recommend to use this method routinely for menopause women.

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Background and Objective: Low electromagnetic fields (LEMF) are produced by instruments which are works with electricity. This study was done to determine the effect of LEMF on fetal death and bone marrow megakaryocytes in NMRI mouse neonates. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 64 females’ mice with 6-8 old weeks were used. 2 female mice coupled with one male, and positive vaginal plaque was interpreted as the zero day of pregnancy (GD=0). The pregnant mice were randomly categorized into control and experimental groups. The experimental group were exposed to50HZ, 0.5 mT Low electromagnetic fields on 7-11 days of pregnant period (8h/d). The weight of neonate and death fetus were studied after delivery. The live neonates were dissected on 15th day, and 1 ml of bone marrow was extracted from Tibia and vertebral column, by pressing method. The bone marrow cells suspended in 1:1 IMDM in 15cc (FULCON) tubule and cells was counted with neobar lam. The data were tested by t-student test significance was set up at p<0.05. Results: There was significant differences between the mean weight of one day neonate in cases with controls (P<0.05). The mean of dead fetus in experimental group was higher than controls (P<0.05). The mean of megakaryocytes numbers higher than controls, but this differences was not significant. Conclusion: This study showed that the number of megakaryocytes and fetal death were increased by low electromagnetic fields exposure during pregnancy.

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Background and Objective: Schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by a chronic recurrent course. Despite the availability of an ever-expanding range of typical and atypical antipsychotics, a substantial proportion of patients with schizophrenia show a partial or total lack of response to antipsychotic monotherapy. This study was done to evaluate the clinical effects of Ginkgo biloba as an adjunct to the Risperidone and Biperiden in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was carried out on 60 chronic schizophrenic patients in Sina hospital Shahrekord, Iran during 2009-10. Schizophrenia was diagnosed by DSM-IV-TR criteria. Subjects were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Two groups were matched according to the age, sex, education, duration of illness. Patients in interventional group received Risperidone up to 6mg/day, Biperiden 4mg/day and Ginkgo biloba 240 mg/day for 12 weeks. The control group received Risperidone up to 6mg/day and Biperiden 4mg/day for 12 weeks. The scales for assessment of positive symptoms (SAPS) and assessment of negative symptoms (SANS) were recorded in prior, 6th and 12th weeks. Data analyzed by using SPSS-15 and student t-test. Results: The mean score of positive symptoms were 55.7±2.1 and 74.4±2.3 in interventional and control groups, respectively (P<0.05) after 12 weeks. The mean score of negative symptoms were 63±1.3 and 69.3±1.8 in interventional and controls, respectivley (P<0.05) after 12 weeks. Conclusion: This study suggested that the use of Ginkgo biloba as an adjunct to Respridone and Biperiden was more effective than Risperidone with Biperiden regimen improving psychological condition of chronic schizophrenic patients.

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Background and Objective: Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies among women. This study was done to determine the BRCA1 gene expression in 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced breast cancer in rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the breast cancer was induced by DMBA in Sprague dawley rats. After tumors arise, cell cultures were prepared and G-banding staining was performed on metaphase chromosomal smear. According to databases, genes in the affected area were collected and after comparing genome of the rats and human in changed chromosomal segments, a gene list was prepared. FISH technique was performed on BRCA1 gene to prove accuracy of chromosomal banding results. Results: Structural changes such as deletion occurred in chromosomes 10, which BRCA1 is located on. 24.7% of cells showed evidence of physical deletion in both copy of BRCA1 gene and 23.8% of cells showed deletion in one copy. Conclusion: Induced DMBA Breast cancer cells showed deletion in BRCA1 copy numbers. This gene may be involved in animal breast tumor model.

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The kangaroo care method in newborn is a way of protecting the baby through skin to skin contact between newborn and their parents. This review study was done by using the keywords including kangaroo mothre care, neonatal, skin to skin contact and preterm. All related articles were published in Pubmed, Sience direct, Google scholar, SID, and Magiran were studied during 2000 to 2016. Finally, 36 articles were reviewed which were similar according to objectives, method of work, sample size, analysis method, and conclusion. Reviewing the selected articles showed that skin to skin contact among newborn and their parents regulated the body temperature of the neonate, increased the newborn's immune system, reduced infection and mortality rate, regulated heart and respiratory rate, increased the growth and weight gain in low birth weight neonates, reduced the stress and crying, increased prolong and stable periods of sleep, and also creates an emotional bond between the parents and the neonates. Kangaroo care method not only helps to care for the early stages of growth of premature neonate, but also increases the general health of the newborn and mother. This care can be used as an inexpensive and highly beneficial method for neonate's growth and health in human.

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Background and Objective: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic hepatic diseases which may be associated with cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to consider the effect of combined therapy with resveratrol supplementation and interval exercise training on heart cells apoptosis in rats with NAFLD using TUNEL assay.
Methods: This experimental study was done on 35 Wistar rats. Animals were randomly allocated into five groups including control (healthy) and four NAFLD groups, including patient, resveratrol, interval exercise, and resveratrol + interval exercise. A TUNEL assay kit was applied for the detection of apoptosis in heart tissue.
Results: The patient group had significantly higher percentage of heart apoptotic cells (24.38±0.69%) compared to the other groups (P<0.05), while the resveratrol + interval exercise (9.02±0.49%) and resveratrol (9.47±0.83%) groups showed significantly lower mean levels of heart apoptotic cells compared to the patient and interval exercise (P<0.05) groups. There was no significant difference in mean of apoptotic cells between resveratrol and resveratrol + interval exercise groups. The mean of apoptotic cells in interval exercise group was 11.39±0.28%.
Conclusion: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is considerably associated with heart cells apoptosis. Resveratrol supplementation especially combined with interval exercise significantly reduces apoptotic cells in heart tissue.

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Background and Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a development nervous disorder that it is usually caused by a defect in the executive functions of the brain and reduces the amount of attention, accuracy, and increased mobility and impulsive behaviors in the individual. This study was performed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive rehabilitation after drug therapy on the executive functions of brains of childrens with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Methods: In this clinical trial study, 45 children with ADHD were randomly divided into three groups including one control and two intervention groups, were monitored by the education counseling center. Intervention group one (cognitive rehabilitation) and intervention group two (cognitive rehabilitation after medication) were received therapeutic intervention for 12 sessions of 45 minutes, twice a week. No intervention was performed for the control group. After the last treatment session, a post-test was performed. The follow-up phase took place 1.5 months after the end of the last intervention session.
Results: The executive functions of the brains of children with cognitive impairment in the cognitive rehabilitation group and the cognitive rehabilitation group after drug therapy showed a significant increase in comparison with the control group (P<0.05). The executive functions of fertilizer after 1.5 months of follow-up in the cognitive rehabilitation group after drug therapy were higher than in the cognitive rehabilitation group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Cognitive rehabilitation therapy after drug therapy was more effective in treating increased executive functions of the brain in children with cognitive impairment than cognitive rehabilitation therapy alone.

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Background and Objective: Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most common causes of musculoskeletal disability. This study was performed to determine the effect of endurance training and glucosamine consumption on Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP-3) gene expression in knee tissue of mice with osteoarthritis.
Methods: This experimental study was performed on 30 adult male Wistar rats. Induction of osteoarthritis of the knee was performed by surgery. The animals were randomly allocated into 5 groups and each group consisted of 6 mice. Groups include: Control, Saline, glucosamine, train and train-glucosamine. The training program for eight weeks, three sessions per week and included 29-25 minutes running on a treadmill at a speed of 15 m/ min for the first week, and each week one meter per minute was added to reach 22 m/min for the eighth week. All animals followed 12-hour fasting and 48 hours after the last session of the session, anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of Ketamine and Xylosin. The expression of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 of cartilage was measured by Real Time PCR.
Results: Expression of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 increased to be 22% and 6% in control group compared to Saline group. Also, level of IGF-1 in exercise groups, glucosamine and exercise-glucosamine group was significantly increased compared to control group (P<0.05). The gene expression of IGFBP-3 in the exercise-glucosamine group was significantly increased compared to the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Probably Chondrocytes secrete higher levels of IGF-1 during tissue damage that causes the structural synthesis of collagen 2 and proteoglycans and Finally, endurance training with consumption of glucose amine increases the expression of IGFBP-3 gene.

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Background and Objective: Developmental disorder and environmental factors are considered as the main causes in postural abnormalities in children and adolescents. This study was done to evaluate the role of BMI, physical activity and the use of electronic device in the status of trunk abnormalities in male adolescents.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 480 boys of 13 to 15 years old in Golestan province, northern Iran. Trunk abnormalities were measured using a spinal mouse. Physical activity was assessed using a standard physical activity questionnaire. Use of electronic device was measured using the form of rate of use of electronic device.
Results: Kyphosis abnormality in 13, 14 and 15 years-old male adolescents were reported 70%, 65% and 75%, respectively. In addition, 60% of 13 years-old, 40% of 14-years-old, and 50% of 15-years-old adolescents had lordosis abnormality. There was a direct and significant correlation between kyphosis abnormalities with BMI and using electronic device as well as a reverse significant correlation between lordosis abnormality and BMI was demonstrated.
Conclusion: This study indicated that trunk abnormalities are relatively common in male adolescents in Golestan province, northern Iran. Also, BMI and the use of electronic device can also affect these abnormalities.

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Background and Objective: Previous studies have advanced our understanding of the impact of executive functions on eating behavior. Given the considerable evidence of executive dysfunction among obese individuals and the bidirectional relationship between cognition and obesity, it is crucial to include educational components in interventions aimed at enhancing executive functions among obese populations. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive hypnotherapy in improving executive functions among women with obesity.
Methods: This clinical trial enrolled 30 obese women who were randomly assigned to either an intervention or control group (n=15). The mean ages of the experimental and control groups, respectively, were 40.80±6.02 and 38.47±7.50 years, while their BMIs (kg/m2) were 33.45±3.50 and 33.12±3.47, and hypnotizability scores were 39.67±5.98 and 37.40±7.09. The intervention group received 12 sessions of 2-hour cognitive hypnotherapy. Data collection instruments included the Stanford Hypnosis Susceptibility Scale (1962), Life Experiences, Interests and Values Checklist (1998), and Cognitive Ability Questionnaire (2013).
Results: The results demonstrated that cognitive hypnotherapy significantly improved executive functions (F=7.02, P≤0.01), including inhibitory control and selective attention (F=2.83, P≤0.05), decision making (F=4.13, P≤0.05), planning (F=3.32, P≤0.05), and sustained attention (F=2.83, P≤0.05) in the intervention group.
Conclusion: Given the relationship between cognitive abilities, eating behaviors, and obesity, and the effectiveness of cognitive hypnotherapy in enhancing executive functions, this approach can be used to enhance cognitive functions among individuals with obesity.
 

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Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in communication skills as one of its most prominent diagnostic criteria, and the initiation of intensive early interventions is a critical determinant in the prognosis of this disorder and the reduction of its severity. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the Parent-Implemented Early Start Denver Model (P-ESDM) interventions in improving communication skills and reducing the severity of symptoms in children with autism. This experimental case report with an A-B design was conducted on 4 children (3 boys and 1 girl) under the age of 60 months diagnosed with autism, who were referred to the Shekoufeha Autism Center in the city of Mahshahr, Iran during 2021. Initially, their parents received training in the P-ESDM interventions through 12 individual, one-hour, weekly sessions. The Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) was used to assess communication skills, and the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-Second Edition (GARS-2) was employed to assess autism severity. Assessments were conducted in 7 phases (2 baseline assessments, 3 assessments during the intervention, and 2 follow-up assessments). Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, within-condition and between-condition analyses, and an examination of the percentage of overlapping data (POD) and the percentage of non-overlapping data (PND). The implementation of the P-ESDM training culminated in the decreased mean scores, improved communication challenges, and decreased autism severity scores across all 4 subjects. In the within-condition analysis, the subjects’ communication challenges and autism severity scores exhibited a descending and stable trend. Moreover, in the between-condition analysis, the PND at the baseline and intervention phases was at its maximum (100%), and the POD was at its minimum (0%). The observed changes persisted until the follow-up stage. The findings of this study demonstrated that the implementation of the P-ESDM interventions could significantly reduce communication challenges and the severity of symptoms in children with autism, leading to improvements in their communicative skills.