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Background and Objective: Abdominal operations as gynaecological procedures result in gastrointestinal dysmotility. Early feeding and ambulation are nonpharmacologic interventions which can be useful in re-initiation of bowel function. This study was done to evaluate the effect of early oral hydration on the return of bowel function and woman's satisfaction after elective caesarean section in primiparous women.

Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 120 primiparous women undergone elective cesarean section were assigned to control and intervention groups in Hajar hospital, Shahrekord, Iran during 2007. In the interventional group, oral hydration with liquids was started 4 hours after surgery regardless of presence of bowel sounds and solid food was started after bowel sounds appeared. The control group recieved liquid diet 12 hours after the operation if it was tolerated, they were given soft diet and regular food at the next meal. The return of bowel activity, time of ambulating, satisfaction, discharge from the hospital and complications were compared in two groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS-15, Chi-Square, T and one way ANOVA tests.

Results: The mean postoperative time interval to first hearing of normal intestinal sounds in interventional versus control groups were (9.5±1.38 and 12.5±2.5 hours) the first passage of flatus (15.7±3.61 vs.22.4±4.1 hours), time to first sensation of bowel movement (10.8±1.99 versus 15.7±3.4 hours) and defecation (18.9±3.65 versus 23.4±4.85 hours). These differences were significant (P<0.05). Also discharge from the hospital (0.96±0.18 versus 1.1±34 days) were significantly shorter in interventional group (P<0.05). The women in the early feeding group got out of bed (patient mobilisation) earlier than their interventional group (14.1 hours versus 18.8 hours (P<0.05). Maternal satisfaction was significantly higher among the early fed women (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Early oral hydration after elective cesarean section associated with rapid resumption of intestinal motility and increased woman’s satisfaction.

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Background and Objective: Salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens responsible for food-borne infections all over the world. Poultry products are widely acknowledged to be a significant reservoir for Salmonella. This study was done to evaluate the antibiotic resistant of Salmonella enterica producer of beta lactamase spectrum in poultry.
Methods: In this descriptive – laboratort study 70 Salmonella enterica serotypes were collected from poultry. All Salmonella isolates were tested to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Twenty-nine antibiotics were used in this study. Klebsiella pneumoniae; ATCC 700603 was used as quality control strains. The isolates were determined to be ESBL-producing Salmonella by the conventional double-disk synergy and genotypic method.
Results: Among 70 salmonella isolates, the most prevalent serotypes were S.typhimurium and S.enteritidis. All serotypes were susceptible to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, oflaxacin, imipenem, enrofloxacin. The common resistance was observed to cephalexin (96%), cefazolin (96%) and cephalotin (65%). Among the 70 Salmonella isolates studied, multi-drug resistance was observed in 59 (84%) isolates. Forty-seven (67%) isolates were found to be ESBL-producing isolates. PCR assay of all isolates showed that 17 isolates (33.3%) carried bala CMY2 gene.
Conclusion: This study showed that antibiotic resistance to Salmonella enterica serotypes is due to beta lactamase enzyme in this strain is considerably increased in poultry.