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Background&Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) seems to be the most common endocrine disease in women of reproductive age. This study has shown that PCOS is associated with hyperlipidaemia and hypertension. The aim of this study was to compare the cardiovascular risk factor in PCOS and normal women. Materials&Methods: It is a case – control study that was done on 60 barren and non-affected women and 60 barren women affected to PCOS that had clinical examples and sonographic PCOS. All of women were studied from the characteristics point of view such as age, BMI, the size of around waist and buttocks, time and kind of infertility and Blood pressure. Necessary tests were done such as total cholesterol, LDL, HDL triglyceride, insulin level and fasting blood sugar. Data were analyzed with SPSS. Results: Triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL and BMI of the patients affected to PCOS were significantly higher than normal women (P<0.05). HDL level reduction was significant in patients affected PCOS (P<0.05), also systolic and diastolic blood pressure in affected women was higher than control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: PCOS women have higher cardiovascular risk compared to normal women.

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Background and Objective: Surgical wound infection is the most common complication following surgery. This study was done to determine the incidence risk factors of surgical wound infection following abdominal hysterectomy. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was done on 400 patients who underwent abdominal hysterectomy in Babol, North of Iran, during 2008-10. Age, underlying disease, BMI, use of immunosuppressive drugs hospitalization period prior to surgery, shaving and bath time, prophylactic antibiotic, duration of surgery, diagnosis and pathology were recorded for each patient. Evidence of surgical location of infection including surgical discharge, erythema and dehiscence of surgical wound with and without fever during 10 days after surgery were recorded. Results: Surgical wound infection was seen in 26 patients (6.5%) following abdominal hysterectomy. Regression analysis determined, use of immune-suppressive (95% CI: 1.71-480.30, P=0.020, OR:28.70) and emergency operation (95% CI: 1.42-14.39, P=0.011, OR: 4.52), diabetes (95% CI: 1.23-11.26, P=0.020, OR:3.72) were risk factors for surgical wound infection. Conclusion: Immuno-suppressive agents, emergency operation and diabetes increased surgical wound infection in post- abdominal hysterectomy.

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Background and Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, leading to progressive disability, reduces daily activity and function and emerges with a wide range of physical symptoms. This study was done to determine the effect of relaxation on the physical symptoms in women with Multiple Sclerosis. Methods: In this clinical trial study, 50 patients with MS were randomly divided into relaxation and control groups. In the interventional group, Jacobson and Benson method was performed for 4 weeks, twice a week for 40 minutes and patients in the control group were received only care and routine medical treatment. Data was collected via fatigue severity scale (FSS), numerical rating scale (NRS) before, immediately after and two months after intervention. Results: The mean severity of fatigue score, before, immediately and two months after the intervention were not the same and time trends was effective on severity of fatigue score (P<0.05). The mean of fatigue score were significantly reduced in intervention group (immediately and two months after intervention) in compared to pre-intervention. The mean severity of pain score ,before, immediately and two months after the intervention were not the same and time trends was effective on mean severity of pain score (P<0.05). The mean intensity of pain score over time in the relaxation group non-significantly reduced in compared to the control group. Conclusion: Relaxation technique is effective as a low-cost, safe and easy method to reduce fatigue and pain in patients with MS.

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Background and Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is usually a disease caused by inadequate insulin production in pregnant women. GDM induces abnormal fetal growth.This study was done to evaluate the BMP2 and BMP4 genes expression in the development of the embryos heart in induced gestational diabetes of C57BL/6 mice.
Methods: In this experimental study, 8-week old adult C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into diabetic and control groups. After mating of animals, the dams in diabetic group were received a single dose of 150 mg/kg/bw of streptozotocin on gestational day 1 of pregnancy, intrapereatonally. After 11.5 days of pregnancy, the embryos of both groups were extracted and heart tissue was extracted. RNA total tissue of the heart was extracted by trazole. After extracting RNA, expression of BMP2 and BMP4 genes in the heart of both groups was estimated by Real-time PCR.
Results: There was no singnificant diference in expression of BMP2 and BMP4 genes in the heart of 11.5 days of embryos in gestational diabetes mellitus group and control group.
Conclusion: Gestational diabetes mellitus had no effect on the expression of BMP2 and BMP4 genes in the development of the embryos heart.

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Background and Objective: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that associated with increased serum glucose and insulin function impairment. Exercise training and saffron supplement are known as two effective factors in the prevention of the complications of type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of eight weeks of aerobic and resistance training with the consumption of saffron aqueous extract on malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase in men with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: In this clinical trial study, 36 men suffering from type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned into six groups: placebo, aerobic training, aerobic training with supplement consumption, resistance training, and resistance training with supplement consumption. Aerobic training was performed at 50-70% of maximal heart rate, and the resistance training was performed at 65-70% of the maximum replication for eight weeks. The saffron supplement was consumed at the dosage of 3 mg day-1. The concentration of malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase was measured before and after the trial after the 12-hour fasting period.
Results: Level of malondialdehyde significantly reduced in placebo and aerobic training with supplement prior to intervention (P<0.05). Level of glutathione peroxidase were significantly increased in aerobic training with supplement (P<0.05), resistance training (P<0.05) and resistance training with supplement (P<0.05) groups after intervention.
Conclusion: Aerobic and resistance training and their supplementation with saffron consumption can be regarded as an effective method to improve the peroxidase and antioxidant balance.

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Background and Objective: Schizophrenia is a chronic disease associated with considerable impairments to personal life and social functions. Since exercise plays an important role in these problems, this study was done to compare the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and futsal training on body composition, physical fitness, life quality, and negative symptoms in schizophrenics.
Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 42 male patients with paranoid schizophrenia in Rasht Medical Center in north of Iran during 2017. Patients were randomly assigned into three groups of HIIT (n=15), futsal (n=12) and control (n=15) groups. Data were collected before and after 8 weeks of training using quality of life questionnaire, negative symptoms assessment and some factors of physical fitness tests. HIIT program (high-intensity interval training: HIIT) was held three sessions a week with 70 to 85% of maximal heart rate and futsal training lasted three sessions a week for 40 minutes.
Results: Anaerobic power was significantly more in HIIT and futsal groups in compatre to controls (P<0.05), but anaerobic power was not significantly different between HIIT and futsal groups. Lower limb muscle power was significantly higher in the HIIT and futsal groups compared to control group (P<0.05). Lower limb muscle power was higher in the HIIT group compared to the futsal group (P<0.05). Negative symptoms were significantly lower in HIIT and futsal groups in comparison with control group (P<0.05). The quality of life difference in futsal and HIIT groups was not significant in compared to the controls.
Conclusion: It seems that HIIT is more efficient than futsal exercises, but both types of training improve some factors of physical fitness and alleviate the negative symptoms among schizophrenics.

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Background and Objective: Physical disability caused by multiple sclerosis (MS) increases MS patients' need for support from others. Medication adherence is one of the main success factors in the treatment of chronic diseases, which is influenced by various factors. This study aimed to determine the relationship between perceived social support and medication adherence in patients with MS.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 110 patients (70 women and 40 men) aged 39±9 years with MS who visited the 2 medical training centers of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (Kashani and Al-Zahra), Isfahan, Iran during 2021. After sampling by the systematic random method, the data were collected by interviews and using Zimmet's Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS) and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8).
Results: The mean and standard deviation of the scores of medication adherence and perceived social support were 6.10±1.72 and 62.83±14.97, respectively. According to the Pearson correlation coefficient, perceived social support did not show any significant relationship with medication adherence (r=0.185, P=0.053). Perceived social support showed a statistically significant relationship with income satisfaction (F=4.54, P=0.01), the pattern of clinical course (F=2.95, P=0.03), difficulty in accessing medical care (t=-2.29, P=0.02), and clinical symptoms, including motor (t=-3.72, P=0.001), balance (t=-3.23, P=0.002), and urinary disorders (t=-2.53, P=0.01).
Conclusion: Perceived social support in patients with MS did not cause medication adherence.