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Background and Objective: Femoral shaft traumatic fracture is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity. Nowadays,the standard treatment method in adult is reduction with femoral interlocking intramedullary nailing. This study was performed to compare the open and closed methods femoral interlocking intramedullary nailingin femoral shaft fractures treatment. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was done on 40 18-50 year old patients (33 men and 7 women with mean age of 26.3 years) with femoral shaft closed fracture who were referred to the Shahid Kamyab hospital of Mashhad, Iran during 2007-08. Patients were divided into two 20 membered groups of open and close femoral interlocking intramedullary nailing treatment. Subjects were followed for one year and the :::::union::::: time, infection and non-:::::union::::: level were measured. Clinical and radiological findings were analyzed using SPSS-13, Student’s t-test and Fisher's exact test. Results: 97.5% of :::::union::::: was obtained within six months in both groups. Full weight bearing was determined 6-12 weeks (mean of 9.3 weeks) in close and 12-16 weeks (mean of 13.25 weeks) in open reduction. Complications included non-:::::union::::: in open (one patient, 5%), infection in open (one patient, 5%), shortening in both (one patientin, 5%), limited range of movement in both (one patient, 5%) and malrotation in close (one patient, 5%) groups. Close reduction group showed higher rate of radiologic callus formation and earlier full weight bearing than open reduction group (P<0.005), but :::::union::::: rate was not significant. Conclusion: This study showed that there is no difference between final :::::union::::: rate of open and close reduction by interlocking intramedullary nailing in femoral shaft fractures.