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Background and Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most important cause of death worldwide. The main reason for the increasing global burden of TB are severe poverty and class distinctions between rich and poor population groups in various communities. This study was performed to determine the relationship between socio-economic factors and TB using negative binomial and Poisson regression models. Method: This descriptive - analytic study was conducted on 11320 TB affected patients in Iran during 2010. Data was gathered from the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The relationship between the numbers of cases with socio-economic indicators was determined using negative binomial and Poisson models. Fitting models were compared using AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) and BIC (Bayesian Information Criterion). Results: The Poisson regression model showed a significant relationship between the TB mortality rate and socio-economic factors (P<0.05). Negative binomial regression model showed a significant relationship between TB and unemployment, illiterate, immigration and urban residency (P<0.05). Negative binomial regression model showed no relationship between TB and family size, physicians’ ratio to the number of population centers and annual average income. Conclusion: There is a significant impact of socio-economic factors with the number of TB cases. Negative binomial regression model is suitable for accountable data in comparision with Poisson regression model.

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Background and Objective: Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. The amount of the bacilli in tuberculosis will reduce rapidly by starting effective antibiotic treatment and the remained bacilli in the sputum will be an important scale to respond to treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the examin factors associated with the conversion of positive smear to negative one in tubercular-pulmonary patients in Golestan province, in northern Iran.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out on 2093 patients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis registered in Golestan province, northern Iran from March 2009-14 referred to health centers. The outcome of this study was to determine the time of changing to negative of the first smear during the treatment and evaluating its relationship with demographic variables, the density of bacilli in the smear, culture, chest x-ray, diabetes and HIV.
Results: 67.5% of patients among 2093 smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were conversion rate of smear at the end of the second months. Results of Cox model showed relationship between gender, age, weight, density bacillus smear and culture results at the start of treatment and negative smears(P<0.05). Old age, low weight, high density of bacillus in primary smear in the beginning of treatment and increasing of the number of colonies in culture of positive smear patients were considered as predictor factors in changing positive smear to negative one.
Conclusion: This study revealed that Conversion rate and treatment success in Golestan province was less than what was expected.

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Background and Objective: Mupirocin is a secreted antibiotic inhibitor of Isoleucine-tRNA, a bacterial synthetase that is used against yellow wounds from Streptococcus pyogenic and Staphylococcus aureus. This study was carried out to determine the plasmid resistance of mupirocin in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical specimens of the skin of hospital employees and hospitalized patients.
Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 150 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens of the skin of patients and employees of three hospitals in Qom, Iran during
2014-15. In order to confirm the identity of Staphylococcus aureus isolates, conventional biochemical methods were used. Also, PCR of srRNA16 was used for molecular confirmation of isolates. The presence of mupA (iles-2) and mupB plasmid genes was investigated using PCR method and AluI enzyme digestion plan was performed for them. Disc diffusion method was used to demonstrate resistance to mupirocin.
Results: Seven isolated samples (4.66%) were resistant to mupirocin. All Mupirocin-resistant isolates possessed PCR-positive mupacysin mupirocidal genes (iles-2) and mupB, and all plasmid genes were resistant to all resistant specimens. Genotyping of mupB gene was able to isolate samples from patients and staff as well as male and female.
Conclusion: The prevalence of mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from skin specimens was low.