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Background and Objective: Many factors are known to be involved in a number of human pathologies of obesity including serum leptin and thyroid hormones levels. The purpose of this study was to compare the serum levels of leptin and thyroid hormones in obese and non-obese women, in Shiraz-Iran during 2006. Materials and Methods: In this case- control study, 35 women with BMI≥30 Kg/m2 recruited as an obese group (Case group) and 35 women with healthy BMI (BMI<25 Kg/m2) were selected as a control group. General information data were gathered from each sample using questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured and BMI, WHR and percent of body fat (%TBF) were calculated for each subject. Venous blood samples were drawn from subjects and serum was separated to determine the concentrations of serum leptin and thyroid hormones (T4, T3 and TSH) levels. Results: Mean serum concentration of leptin was significantly higher in obese group than control group (p<0.001). Serum leptin levels positively correlated to anthropometric indices (BMI, WHR, %TBF). No significant difference was observed between obese and non-obese groups in serum thyroid hormones concentration. Serum leptin levels positively related to serum T3 levels (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study indicated that obese women had higher leptin levels compared to non-obese. The interaction between thyroid hormone in particular T3 and leptin can be one of the reason for increasing the serum leptin level among obse women.

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Background and Objective: Domestic violence is the most common against women with negative effect on mother’s health, family, children and society. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of domestic violence against women in Bandar Abbas, Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross - sectional study was conducted on 500 women referred to Shahid Mohammadi hospital in Bandar Abbas, Southern Iran. Violence and physical injuries were recorded for each woman using a questionnaire. Results: Domestic violence was reported in 460 (92 %) women. The mean age of women was 33.80±8.64 years. The mean years of marriage were 10.53±7.83 years. 389 (77.8%), 102 (20.4%) and 9 (1.8%) of women were housewive, employee and self employee, respectively. 14 (2.8%) women had addiction background. The most common type of violence against women was psychological (54%), followed by verbal (31%), physical (24.8%) and sexual (6.8%). Level of education and addiction in the families were the main factors in domestic violence. Conclusion: Psychological violence is the most common type of domestic violence and it is related to the level of education and addiction in the families.

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Background and Objective: Candida species are the second most common cause of vaginitis in worldwide after bacterial agents. This study was performed to determine the etiological factors of Candida vulvovaginitis in pregnant women.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study, was performed on 100 pregnant women with vaginal discomfort that referring to gynecologic and obstetric clinics of the Sanandaj Social Security Hospital, Kurdistan province, Iran during 2016. After obtaining informed consent and collecting background information using a questionnaire, the patients were examined by a specialist physician and samples were collected. Identification of isolates was done based on colony color and also using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.
Results: Candida vulvovaginitis was seen in 29% of women. Candida albicans were the most common cause of the disease (86.2%) followed by Candida paraposilosis (10.43%) and Candida glabrat (45.3%) . There was no significant relationship between diabetes and candida vulvovaginitis. There was a significant relationship between the history of antibiotic usage, age over 35 and third trimester of pregnancy with Candida vulvaginitis (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The prevalence of Candida vulvovaginal candidiasis was 29% and Candida Albicans was the most common cause of the disease.

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Background and Objective: Type II diabetes is a major globle health problem that can lead to disability and early death. This study was performed to evaluate the association of TCF7L2 (rs7903146) polymorphism with type II diabetes.
Methods: This case - control study was done on 100 patients with type II diabetes and 100 healthy subjects. Following DNA extraction, TCF7L2 (rs7903146) genotype was determined and compared between two groups by Tetra-Arms PCR method.
Results: The frequency of CT genotype was 25% and 56% in healthy subjects and patients, respectively (P<0.05). The frequency of TT genotype was 2% and 6% in control and patient groups, respectively. In the co-dominant model, rs7903146 was dependent on type II diabetes.
Conclusion: Human heterozygote for Lucos TCF7L2 (rs7903146), which contains T alleles, are high risk for developing diabetes mellitus.

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The rise in patients seeking corneal refractive surgery, despite having systemic autoimmune diseases, underscores the need for special considerations when treating these individuals. Recent studies have expanded our knowledge in identifying and evaluating autoimmune disorders and their potential side effects in the results of corneal refractive surgery with laser. This study briefly examines the pathogenic factors, clinical aspects, and possible complications in patients with systemic autoimmune disorders subjected to these surgeries. In total, 132 articles were selected for this research among the reviewed studies. Considering that the release of various cytokines caused by systemic autoimmune disorders can lead to destructive corneal consequences, the need for early diagnosis before any laser surgery for refractive errors seems essential. Although procedures such as LASIK and PRK are commonly performed on patients with autoimmune disorders, important considerations must be made. Studies have not yet confirmed definitive contraindications to laser refractive surgery for autoimmune disorders.