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Background and Objective: Nightshift working has negative physical, psychological and social effects on personal life of nurses and in the long run, with subsequent health and complication. This survey was done to study the effect of sleeplessness on general health of nightshift nurses in hospitals of Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran, during 2008. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 124 subjects with suitable condition were selected through a census from among 615 nightshift working nurses in hospitals of Golestan university of medical sciences. Data were collected by delivering questionnaire and it included one questionnaire of personal information and two questionnaires about effects of sleeplessness and general health (GHQ-28). Results: Effect of sleeplessness, in the maximum percent of nurses (55.6%) were moderate and in the minimum percent (2.4%) were low. Mean±SD the sleepness rate was moderate (58±9). Also, the results of general health showed that most of them (60.6%) had favorable general health and 2.5% of subjects had unfavorable general health. There was a significant correlation between sleepness, effect and general health of nurses in addition. There was also a meningfull sleeplessness correlation between sleepness effect with age, employment history and nightschieft time table (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that sleepness, negatively, effect on general health of nightschieft nurses, it is suggested, there should a properly organized sleep time table for the nightchieft nurses.

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Background and Objective: Diabetic mellitus is one of the main health problems of diabetic subjects skin wound. This study was done to evaluate the effect of topical ointment produced from aqueous extract of grape seed (Vitis Vinifera) plus Eucerin on wound healing in diabetic rats.

Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into control, first, second and third experimental groups. Animals in control group were received only buffer citrate, interaperitonally. Diabetes was induced by 55 mg/kg/bw of Streptozotocin in three experimental groups. Skin wound (2´3 cm²) was created in left side of the lumbar region in three experimental groups. Animals in experimental gourp 1 did not received any treatment. The wounds of animals in experimental group 2 were treated with topical ointment of Eucerin twice a day. The wounds of animals in experimental group 3 were treated with topical ointment of aqueous extract of grape seed plus Eucerin with a ratio of 3:1 for 21 days twice a day. Wound healing process was evaluated using macroscopic and histological method.

Results: The mean area and percentage of wound after treatment was significantly reduced in experimental group 2 and 3 in compare to experimental group 1 (P<0.05). The percentage of improvement wound healing was significantly increased in experimental groups 2 and 3 in compare to experimental group 1 (P<0.05). Synthesis of collagen fibers was increased in experimental group 3 in compare to experimental group 2 and 1.

Conclusion: Topical application of aqueous extract of grape seed with ointment of Eucerin accelerates skin wound healing in diabetic rats.

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Background and Objective: Sodium valproate (SV) is a commonly used antiepileptic drug; however, its therapeutic application is limited due to its potential to induce oxidative stress. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, possesses antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to determine the effect of resveratrol on SV-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampal tissue of BALB/c mouse fetal brains.
Methods: In this experimental study, 40 pregnant female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to 5 groups of 8, including control, SV at 40 mg/kg/bw, SV at 40 mg/kg/bw + resveratrol at 0.6 mg/kg/bw, SV at 40 mg/kg/bw + resveratrol at 0.35 mg/kg bw, and SV at 40 mg/kg/bw + resveratrol at 0.225 mg/kg/bw. SV was administered orally per day, and resveratrol was administered daily via intraperitoneal injection. From gestational day 8 to 18, pharmacological interventions were initiated and continued until the birth of the neonates. On gestational day 18, the maternal mice were anesthetized, and 8 fetuses from each group were separated. Following the anesthesia of the fetuses, the brain tissue was dissected. Subsequently, oxidative stress parameters, including the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in nmol/mg as an index of lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) level alterations in µg/mg, and protein carbonyl (PC) level alterations in nmol/mg, were evaluated in the hippocampal tissue.
Results: SV induced oxidative stress by increasing MDA (4.8 nmol/mg) and PC (51.4 nmol/mg protein), and also decreasing GSH (31.86 μg/mg) in the brain tissue compared to the control group (P<0.05). In a concentration-dependent manner, resveratrol reduced oxidative stress by decreasing MDA and PC to 3.02 and 37.21 nmol/mg, respectively, and also by increasing GSH to 49.76 μg/mg in the brain tissue. The most significant effect was observed at a concentration of 0.6 mg/kg/bw, which was statistically significant compared to the SV group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The combined administration of SV and resveratrol culminates in a reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress-related factors in mouse fetuses.