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Background and Objective: Due to high mortality and morbidity of the cervical cancer we decided to compare benefits and advers effects of Gemcitabine plus conventional chemoradiation with conventional chemoradiation with cisplatin alone in Imam Hossein hospital, in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: This double blind clinical trial, was carried out on 34 patients with documented cervical carcinoma during 2006-07 the patients divided into two sub groups: (A)Conventional concurrent chemoradiation with cisplatin(N=18) versus(B) concurrent chemoradiation with cisplatin plus gemicitabine (N=16). The patients with clinical stage of IB2-IVA and normal cell blood count with normal renal and liver function tests included in the study. Irradiation was delivered to all patients through external and internal beams with same dose and schedule. The patients followed for 3 months at least. Clinical response rate and adverse events included Neutropenin, Thrombocytopenia, anemia, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting compared in two groups with fisher exact test, and t-test. Results: Despite increasing of complete response rate with adding gemcitabine to conventional treatment(81.2% vs. 66.7%), the difference in two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study indicated that the addition of gemicatabine to conventional chemoradiation with cisplatinrevealed no significant benefits. All adverse events in combination chemotherapy group were greater than conventional treatment.

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Background and Objective: Patellofemoral is a pain syndrome, common among athletes and the theraputic regiment based on the improvement of muscle involved in this disorder. This study was done to compare electromyography activity of the vastus medialis obliques and vastus lateralis longus during squat with isometric hip adduction in athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome and healthy athletes.

Materials and Methods: This case – control study was carried out on 16 national team male athletes (volleyball, handball and taekwondo) aged 30-18 years with patellofemoral pain syndrome and 16 healthy male athletes. Subjects were matched based on weight, height, age, dominant of lower extremity and voluntarily participated. Electromyography activity of vastus medialis obliques and vastus lateralis longus muscles recorded by surface electrodes at 15, 30 and 45 knee flexion degrees. Paired t test was used to compare electromyography activities in each group and One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test was used to compare each muscle in different angles.

Results: There was significant differences in the activity of vastus medialis obliques and vastus lateralis longus muscles in athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome at 45 knee flexion degree (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the muscle activities in healthy athletes at none of the knee flexion degrees. There were significant differences in the activity of vastus medialis obliques (P<0.05) and vastus lateralis longus (P<0.05) muscles at 45 degrees in comparison with muscle activities in each group in knee flexion degrees.

Conclusion: Electromyography activity of the vastus medialis obliques in healthy athletes during squat with isometric hip adduction at 45 knee flextion is greater than other degrees and in athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome is greater than healthy athletes.

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Background and Objective: Multiple sclerosis is one of demyelinating disorder of CNS that is an uncommon cause of the sensorineural hearing loss. This study was done to determine the hearing loss in multiple sclerosis patients.

Materials and Methods: This case-control study was performed on 60 (44 women, 16 men) multiple sclerosis patients and 38 (27 women, 11 men) normal subjects by pure tone audiometery, otoacustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses in Gilan provine, Iran during 2010-11. Data was analyzed by using SPSS-17, Chi-Square and Fischer tests.

Results: 12.5% of case and 3.9% of the control ears had abnormal pure tone audiometery (P<0.05). The frequencies of abnormal HF-pure tone audiometery and two modalities of otoacustic emission did not show any significant differences in two groups. Abnormal autidory brainstem response of ears were observed in 20% and 9.2% of cases and controls, respectively (P<0.05). 20% of case and 9.2% of the control ears had abnormal auditory brainstem response (P<0.05). The absolute latencies of waves I, II and V had not significant differences between two groups. Inter peak latencies of I-III and III-V waves were observed in 10% and 11.7% in cases ears and 1.3% and zero percent in controls, respecticely. 6.7% of cases and 2.6% of control ears had retrocochlear abnormality.

Conclusion: Hearing loss detected by pure tone audiometery and auditory brainstem response is more common in multiple sclerosis compared to normal population.

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Background and Objective: Meralgia paresthetica (MP) is due to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) involvement if it is left either unattended miss treated it can be followed by significant disabilities. This study was done to compare the neurolysis and nerve resection in treatment refractory of Meralgia paresthetica. Materials and Methods: This descriptive - comparative study was carried out on 14 patients (7 males and 7 females) afflicted with Meralgia paresthetica and resisted to theraputical regiment in Poorsina hospital in Rasht, North of Iran during 2001-08. The patients were selected non-randomly and neurolysis were gone under either neurolysis or nerve resection surgery with 18-month follow-up. Results: All 5 patients with neurolysis operation were found to have the recurrent symptoms. Non of the patient operated with nerve resection demostrated the clinical manifestation of the recurment sympotms, following 18 month follow-up. The success rate of neurolysis and nerve resection were determined to be 3% and 98.8% respectively. Six women and three men are LFCN-resected a woman and four men treated with neurolysis. The mean age and the disease onset length were 64.6%±9.8 year and 18±11 months, respectively. Conclusion: Nerve resection method is suggested in patients with Meralgia paresthetica resisted to theraputical treatment.

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Background and Objective: Neural stem cells can difrentiate to mature neural cells. Neural stem cells can migrate and repair the damage neural tissue. This study was done to determine the effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of Chamaemelum nobile on cell prolifration and apoptosis of rat hipocample neural stem cells in the oxitative stress condition. Methods: In this experimental study, neural stem cells were isolated from hippocampus of neonatal rat brain. Isolated neural stem cells were treated at 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 µg/ml of hydro-ethanolic extract of Chamaemelum nobile for 48h. Cells proliferation rate were evaluated by MTT assay. Anti-apoptotic property of hydro-ethanolic extract of Chamaemelum nobile evaluated using TUNEL assay method. Results: Proliferation of neural stem cells were significantly increased in Chamaemelum nobile extract group in comparision with control (P<0.05). The rate of apoptotic cells were significantly reduced in Chamaemelum nobile extract group compared to control (P<0.05). Conclusion: The hydrethanolic extract of Chamaemelum nobile increases proliferation rate and reduces apoptosis of neural stem cells in the oxitative stress condition.

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Background and Objective: Nano-sized particles at scale of 1 to 100 nm, called nanoparticles. In addition, the composition and structure of materials is also one of the factors influencing the material properties. With the advent of nanotechnology and due to increasing antimicrobial properties of nanoscale silver it can also be used in the fight against various human pathogens. This study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized by green method against the standard strains Escherichia coli k12 and Escherichia coli 25922. Methods: In this descriptive study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Prosopis farcta seed exudates and analyzed by UV visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles was evaluated using broth macro-dilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of silver nanoparticles was determined on the standard strains of Escherichia coli k12 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Results: Transmission electron microscopy showed nanoparticles with diameters in the range between 5-35 nm with a maximum frequency range in 20-25 nm. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of bacteria, of E. coli k12 and E. coli 25922 respectively, were 1.56 and 0.39 µg/ml (ppm) and minimum bactericidal concentrations of 3.12 and 0.78 µg/ml wiring (ppm). Conclusion: Biological synthesis using P. farcta seed is a inexpensive, method and require no energy. Due to the strong antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles, can be a suitable alternative for disinfectants, disinfection and control of pathogens.

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Background and Objective: Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. The amount of the bacilli in tuberculosis will reduce rapidly by starting effective antibiotic treatment and the remained bacilli in the sputum will be an important scale to respond to treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the examin factors associated with the conversion of positive smear to negative one in tubercular-pulmonary patients in Golestan province, in northern Iran.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out on 2093 patients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis registered in Golestan province, northern Iran from March 2009-14 referred to health centers. The outcome of this study was to determine the time of changing to negative of the first smear during the treatment and evaluating its relationship with demographic variables, the density of bacilli in the smear, culture, chest x-ray, diabetes and HIV.
Results: 67.5% of patients among 2093 smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were conversion rate of smear at the end of the second months. Results of Cox model showed relationship between gender, age, weight, density bacillus smear and culture results at the start of treatment and negative smears(P<0.05). Old age, low weight, high density of bacillus in primary smear in the beginning of treatment and increasing of the number of colonies in culture of positive smear patients were considered as predictor factors in changing positive smear to negative one.
Conclusion: This study revealed that Conversion rate and treatment success in Golestan province was less than what was expected.

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Background and Objective: Hypertension is associated with changes in the structure and function of the vessels. This study was done to evaluate the effect of aerobic training with Garlic consumption on matrix metalloproteinase-3, 9 (MMP-3, MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in obese postmenopausal women with hypertension.
Methods: This double-blind clinical trial study was done on 36 obese postmenopausal women with hypertension. Participants were randomly divided into 4 groups including control group, Garlic consumption, aerobic training and training with Garlic consumption. Subjects in training groups participated in a progressive aerobic training for eight weeks, three sessions a week (55% to 65% of the reserved heart rate and for 30 to 55 min). Garlic and training with Garlic groups consumed 1000 mg of garlic supplement for eight weeks (after breakfast and dinner). Two days before and after the protocol, blood samples were taken in fasting state.
Results: The level of MMP-3 and MMP-9 were significantly decreased in Garlic, aerobic training and training with Garlic groups in compared to the control group (P<0.05). Also, the level of MMP-3 in the training with Garlic was significantly reduced in compared to the training and the Garlic groups (P<0.05). MMP-9 in the training with Garlic was significantly reduced in compared to the Garlic group (P<0.05). However, TIMP-1 level were significantly increased in the Garlic, training and training with Garlic in comparison with control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Aerobic training alone and in combination with Garlic affect on extracellular matrix thorough reduction of MMP-3, MMP-9 and increasing TIMP-1, improves systolic blood pressure in obese postmenopausal women with hypertension.