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Background and Objective: Ghrelin is an acylated 28-amino-acid peptide that is the most recently identified adipocytokines, but its role in diabetes is poorly clarified. The objective of this study was to determine the relation between serum ghrelin and blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic obese males.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was done on 45 adult obese males with type-2 diabetes in Saveh city, Iran during 2010. Fasting blood glucose, insulin and ghrelin concentrations and Glycosylated hemoglobin HbA1C were measured after overnight fasting. Multiple regression was used for determine ghrelin in relation to glucose, insulin and HbA1C.

Results: The multiple regression analyses revealed that HbA1C is not correlated with serum ghrelin levels, while, fasting blood glucose level had positive corrolation with serum ghrelin concentration (P<0.05). Serum ghrelin level had high negative correlation with insulin (P<0.05).

Conclusion: This study indicated that elevated endogenous ghrelin led to hyperglycemia. Therefore, serum ghrelin is a precise index of blood glucose level in obese male patients with type-2 diabetes.

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Background and Objective: Accumulating evidence indicates a relation between aerobic capacity and glucose concentration, although the molecular mechanisms of this relationship are not fully known yet. This study was done to determine the effect of effect of 12 weeks aerobic exercise training on aerobic capacity and glucose concentration in obese men. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, thirty two adult obese males were divided into interventional and control groups. Anthropometrical indexes, fasting blood glucose and insulin, resting heart rate and aerobic capacity (VO2max) were measured before and after a 12 weeks aerobic exercise in the interventional and control groups. Beta cell function was calculated by fasting glucose and insulin. Results: Long time aerobic exercise led to significant reduction in glucose (112±10 vs. 85±11 mg/dl), anthropometrical indces, BMI (28.44±2.29 vs. 33.24±5.14), increase in VO2max (26.12±4.11 vs. 32±6.41 ml/kg/min), beta cell function (83±23 vs. 181±35) and in interventional group in comparision with controls. A significant correlation was found between the changes in VO2max with changes in beta cell function and glucose level, these correlations were independent of BMI. There was no significant change in insulin level between intervention and control groups. Conclusion: Increased aerobic capacity or cardiovascular fitness by exercise training improve beta cell function of glucose concentration in obese men.

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Background and Objective: Several studies suggest the corelation between antioxidant capacities and pulmonary function and severity of pulmonary asthma. This study was done to evaluate the effect of aerobic training on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and pulmonary function in asthmatic men.
Methods: In this quasi - experimental study, thirty inactive and overweight adult males with mild to moderate asthma were divided into intervention (aerobic training) and control (no training) groups. The anthropometric and spirometry indeces (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC) and fasting TAC before and after aerobic training program (12 weeks, 3 time/weekly at 60-75% of HRmax) were measered.
Results: After aerobic training program, TAC was significantly increased in interventional group in comparision with before of training (P<0.05). FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were significantly increased in interventional subjects in compared to controls (P<0.05).
Conclusion: This study indicated that aerobic training improves antioxidant capacity and pulmonary function in asthma patients. Improved pulmonary function can be attributed to increase in antioxidant capacity induced by aerobic intervention.

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Background and Objective: Hormone and genetic disorders are the most important causes of hyperglycemia in obese and diabetes patients. This study was done to determine the effect of the resistance training program on FOXO1 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue as an effective transcription factor in insulin signaling pathways, fasting glucose and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, type 2 diabetes induced by high fat diet and Streptozotocin (STZ, 30 mg/kg/bw) intraperitoneal injection in 14 male wistar rats (220±20 g) .Animals were randomly allocated into exercise (n=7) and control (n=7) groups. Exercise group were participated in resistance training program (6 weeks, 5 days/weekly). Fasting blood glucose and insulin as well FOXO1 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue were measured lasted exercise session in the two geoups.
Results: Resistance training  significantly reduces in fasting glucose, insulin resistance and FOXO1 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue in exercise group in compared to control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Resistance training lead to decrease of insulin resistance and blood glucose by inhibiting FOXO1 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue in diabetic rats.