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Background and Objective: In clinical situation, pain occurs during intravenous Catheterization (IVC). Finding methods to reduce pain related with insertion of Angiocut. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of types of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on the pain severity regarding to insertion of Angiocut is very important. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of types of transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS) on the pain severity regarding to insertion of Angiocut. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on the 80 patients of Internal and CCU wards of Fatemieh Hospital in Semnan, Iran during 2001. In this study, severity of pain related with insertion Angiocut assessed and compared in four conditions No TENS, low TENS (5 Hz), high TENS (100 Hz) and burst TENS (with frequence 100 Hz And burst frequence 2 Hz). The severity of pain measured by testes visual analogue scale (VAS), One-way ANOVA, Tukey, and Dunnett tests were used for comparing means of pain severity in different conditions. Results: Findings showed significant difference between severity of pain during Angiocut insertion in four conditions (P<0.05), so that the lower intensity of pain was in the high-TENS group, while higher pain was in the No TENS group. Significant difference was between intensity of pain in the No TENS group with high TENS and burst TENS group (P<0.05), but no significant difference was between low TENS and No TENS groups. Conclusion: This study showed that TENS was a effective method to reduce pain during Angiocut insertion. The lowest severity of pain was obtained in high TENS method. therefore, high TENS method can suggest as a effective method to reduce pain during Angiocut insertion.

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Background and Objective: Hypericin is found in different species of Hypericum genus, as a main compound with antimicrobial, antiviral, nonspecific kinas inhibition and dopamin β-hydroxilase inhibitoring effects. This study was done to compare the hypericin content, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Hypericum perforatum L. from three geographic regions of Iran.

Methods: In this descriptive study, Hypericin content of aerial parts of H. perforatum L. was assessed using UV-Vis spectrometric method. Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH and β-carotene bleaching assay. Cytotoxicity was evaluated via brine shrimp lethality assay. Antimicrobial activity was determined using inhibition zone diameter evaluation via disc diffusion method and measuring minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value.

Results: Hypericin content of aerial parts of H. perforatum L. from Qom, Golestan and Kurdestan provinces were 673, 1223 and 1568 ppm, respectively. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities in samples from Kurdestan was more than samples from Qom and Golestan. Antimicrobial activity, as far as the number of sensitive microorganisms was evaluated. In this way the order of Golestan>Kurdestan>Qom was exhibited, however the extract of the plant from Kurdestan had the highest activity for two staphylococcus species with the inhibition zone diameter of 17 and 19 mm for S. aureus and S.epidermidis, respectively and MIC value of 250 µg/mL.

Conclusion: Hypericin content was more from samples of Kurdistan province with cold climate. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of aerial parts of all samples were high. There is a relationship between hypericin content of aerial parts of H. perforatum L. and biological activities.