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Background & Objective: Anovulation is one of the most common causes of infertility and the increasing use of induction ovulation agents for treatment of these patients has been increased. This study was done to evaluate of neonatal outcome in pregnancies after ovarian stimulation in comparisons with spontaneous pregnancy.

 

Materials & Methods: In this descriptive analytic study, 398 pregnant women admitted to teaching Hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences from Nov 2004-Apr 2005 were assessed for neonatal outcomes. We compared the rate of multiple pregnancy, gestational age, birth weight, agars score of first and fifth minutes, apparent congenital anomalies, neonatal early death and the days of neonatal hospitalization at NICU in two groups of induction ovulation and spontaneous pregnancy. The data were analyzed by c2 and t student test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

 

Results: From 398 pregnant women, 95 patients were pregnant after ovulation induction and 303 patients had spontaneous pregnancy. There was significant differences between two groups including: Multiple pregnancy, first minutes and fifth-minutes. Apgar scores, head circumference and admission in NICU (P<0.05). There was also effective dependence between induction ovulation and multiple pregnancy on premature delivery. The early neonatal death and apparent congenital anomalies had no significant differences between two groups.

 

Conclusion: We concluded that neonatal outcome of ouvlatory induced pregnancies is more unfavorable which probably is due to the multiple pregnancy premature delivery and maternal infertility background.

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Background and Objective: Success rate of IVF depends on infertility factors and its treatment cycle. Different methods of treatment and different centers have reported various rates of success. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fertility outcome after IVF and related factors. Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytic study was performed on 150 infertile couples following IVF in Montaserieh Infertility Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, North – East of Iran during 2001-06. Data was collected by a questionnaire including woman's age, husband's age, infertility factor, spermogram, infertility period, the number of follicles caused by treatment, the number of oocytes, the number of produced and transferred fetus and treatment outcomes. Data was analyzed by SPSS software and Chi-square, t-studen test, One-way ANOVA and logistic regression. Results: The mean age of women was 29.7±5.4. The mean±SD follicles oocytes and transferred fetus were 11±6, 6±3.9 and 2.6±1.5 respectively. There was significant relation between the number of follicles (P<0.05), obtained oocytes (P<0.05) and transfered fetus (P<0.05) with the success rate of IVF. The fertility rate was 24.6%. There was no significant relation between the age groups and fertility rate. Conclusion: This study showed that ovarian response to ovulation stimulation and the number of transferred fetus are the important and effective factors for predicting the outcomes of IVF.

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Background and Objective: Domestic violence can place mother and fetus at risk. This issue can be prevented through education and basic knowledge. This study carried out to determine the frequency and severity of domestic violence in pregnant women referred to health centers in Arak, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done on 400 pregnant women referring in health centers in Arak North-West of Iran during 2009. This research was implemented through questionnaires including the demographic chracteristic aspects of physical violence, emotional, verbal and financial severity and the factors effected violence on pregnant women. Data was analyzed using Chi-Square, one way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: The overall prevalence of violence during pregnancy was 34.5%. For this rate, 56%, 48%, 23% and 11% were emotional violence, verbal, financial and physical violences, respectively. Marrige age (P<0.035), partnership lenght (P<0.018), family history of marriage (P<0.001), education (P<0.001), occupation of woman and husband (P<0.001) with the outbreak of violence during pregnancy were significantly associated. Conclusion: This study indicated that the frequency of domestic violence in pregnant women is high, therefore it is sugested women clinic to be established to protect pregnant women suffering from domestic violence during pregnancy.

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Background and Objective: Fungi are widely distributed in nature and they are usually present in attomospher but other sources such as water play an important role in their ecology. This study was done to evaluate mycoflora assessment in drinking tap water in Sari, North of Iran. The tap water collected form Sari water distribution system for fungi. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, a volume of 100 ml of tap drinking water samples (n=60) were collected in sterile bottles. All water samples passed through sterile 0.45 micrometer filters. The filters were placed directly on Malt extract agar and incubated at 27°C for 3-7 days. Routine mycological techniques were applied to identify the grown fungi. Results: Out of 468 grown fungal colonies, eight different fungal genera were identified. The total mean cfu per 100 ml for the positive samples were 8.4. Aspergillus (37.4%) and Penicillium (27.3%) were the most common isolated fungi. Rhizopus (0.6%) had the lowest frequency. Among Aspergillus species, A. flavus had the highest frequency. Conclusion: Our result showed that various fungi were present in the tap drinking water. We propose fungi should be considered as part of the microbiological analysis parameters in drinking tap water.

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Background and Objective: The kidney has a key role in homeostatic regulation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is essential regulator of stimulatory and inhibitory processes for neonatal, post-natal endothelial cell differentiation. This study was done to determine the effect of maternal swimming during pregnancy on VEGF level of kidney in rat pups. Methods: In this experimental study, sixteen Wistar rat dams were allocated into interventional swimming and control groups. In the first day of pregnancy, in interventional group, swimming was performed for 30 minutes a day and 5 minutes every day was added until the time of training gradually reached to one hour per workout. Dams swimming endurance training were performed in 5 days per week for three weeks. Pups’ kidneys were removed two days after birth and kindney tissue VEGF level was determined using ELISA method. Results: Kidney tissue VEGF level in interventional swimming group (133.13 pg/ml) was significantly increased in compared to controls (48.19 pg/ml) (P<0.05). Conclusion: Swimming endurance training increases the pups’ kidney VEGF level.

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Background and Objective: Low back pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder. Core stability exercises have been recommended to improve neuromuscular skeletal system function in order to increase the protection of vertebral column and improve functional activities. This study was done to evaluate the effect of core stability and general exercise on functional activity in non- specific low back pain patients.

Methods: In this clinical trail study, sixty patients with chronic low back pain were randomly divided into general exercise (n=30) and core stability (n=30) groups. The protocol of intervention included 4 weeks (3 sessions in week) of designed exercise for each group. The functional activities were measured before and after intervention.

Results: Functional activity indicators were significantly increased in core stability exercise compared to general exercise (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Core stability exercise is more effective than general exercise to improve functional activities in patients with non-specific low back pain.