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Background and Objective: Trichomoniasis is a disease caused by Trichomonas vaginalis and is the most common sexually transmitted disease after viral sexually transmitted ones. Trichomoniasis is usually treated with oral metronidazole and both patient and her partner should be treated. Considering the probable teratogenic effect of metronidazole and parasite drug resistance, it is necessary to find an alternative medication for treatment of trichomoniasis. In this study in vitro effect of garlic and Freula assafoetida extracts on Trichomonas vaginalis were evaluated. Materials and Methods: This In Vitro study was done in Yasuj Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj, Iran. Trichomonas vaginalis was cultured in TYI-S-33 medium. Effect of garlic and Freula assafoetida extracts in specified times and concentrations on Trichomonas vaginalis were assessed. Garlic extract was used in 0.1, 0.05 and 0.025 mg/ml while Freula assafoetida extract was used in 2, 1 and 0.5 mg/ml. The inhibitory effect of extract on Trichomonas was assessed by counting the alive parasites 1, 2 and 24 hours after exposure with extracts. Results: Findings of this study showed that hydroalcoholic extract of Freula assafoetida at concentration of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml killed 90% of the parasites in first hour of exposure and garlic extract at concentration of 0.1 mg/ml killed 95% of parasites after 2 hours. Moreover garlic extract killed 90% of parasites at concentration of 0.05, 0.025 and 0.0125 mg/ml after 24 hours of exposure even at low concentration. Conclusion: This study indicated that garlic and freula assafoetida have significat effect on Trichomonas vaginalis, therefore detecting the effective substances of these potent anti-parasitic herbs is recommended.

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Background and Objective: Cardiovascular diseases are the most significant factors leading to death. This study was done to determine the effect of eight weeks aerobic training on level serum lipid and lipoprotein in non athletic women.

Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 30 non athletic women. Subjects were devided into control and experimental groups through gained Vo²max. HDL-c, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, VLDL-c, RF (TC/HCL) and subdermal fat percent were evaluted perior and after training for eight weeks as follow: three session in each weeks with one hour aerobic training in each session. Data analyzed using SPSS-14 and independent and dependent T student tests.

Results: The significant reduction of RF, TC and percent of subdermal fat were observed in experimental group after training in comparison with prieor phase (P<0.05). Significant reduction of RF, LDL-C, TC and subdermal fat were observed in experimental group in comparison with contols after training (P<0.05). The increase of HDL-c and reduction of TG and VLDL-c were observed in experimental group compared to control but these differences were not significant.

Conclusion: This study showed that aerobic training reduce total cholesterol, LDL-c, RF and percent of subdermal fat in non athletic women.

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Background and Objective: Migraine is common worldwide. In recent years, vitamin D deficiency has been shown as a global health issue. This study was done to determine the relationship between serum levels of vitamin D with migraine. Methods: This descriptive - analytical study was carried out on 76 patients (21 males, 55 females) with migraine aged 10-61 years olds. Serum vitamin D level of each patient was measured. Adjustments were done for age, sex, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), number of chronic diseases, and education level. The multiple linear regressions were done to determine the relationship between serum levels of vitamin D with migraine. Results: Vitamin D defeicincy was seen in 13.2 of patients.The weak positive association was shown between serum vitamin D with headache (P<0.05), but no significant association was found between serum vitamin D level with migraine severity. Conclusion: No significant association was seen between serum levels of vitamin D with migraine severity.

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Background and Objective: Obesity and overwight affects on respiratory phyological indeces including pulmonary voulume, spirometery function, mechanical function of air ways neuro-muscular functions and capacity of exchange of gases. The obese and overwight subjects have high risk in reduction respiratory valume syndrome. This study was done to compare the effects of three resistance training programs with different intensities on pulmonary function, physical function and body composition in overweight girls.
Methods: In this quasi - experimental study, thirty overweight inactive girls were non-randomly divided into 3 equal groups (n=10) of resistance training with different intensity based on their 1 RM (light, 55-65%, moderate, 65-75%, and heavy, 75-85%, repsctively). The training progams were done for 9 weeks (3 sessions per week). Each session consists of 5 stations with 3 sets while rest intervals between the repetiotions and stations were 60-90 seconds and 90-120 seconds, respectively. Before and after the end of the training programs, spirometry, body composition, muscular strength and endurance of the upper body and VO2max were measured.
Results: 9 weeks resistance training program with 55-65%, 65-75%, and 75-85% 1RM intensities had no significant effect in the spirometry parameters, body weight, body mass index, upper body muscular endurance and VO2max. Fat percentage in 55-65% group significantly reduced in compared to those of 65-75%, and 75-85% 1RM groups (P<0.05). The upper body muscular strength in group with 75-85% 1RM significantly increased in compared to groups with 55-65% and 65-75% 1RM (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Overweight girls can apply resistance training with 55-65% 1RM to reduce the percent of body fat, and enhance the upper body strength through trainings with 75-85% 1RM. In relation to pulmonary function indices and indices of physical function and body composition, there was no dference between three training programs.

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Background and Objective: Leptin is associated with metabolic disorders and promotes the development of liver steatosis to steatohepatitis. It selectively increases the secretion of Tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-a) in response to saturated fatty acid. The general purpose of this research was to determine the effects of eight weeks of continuous training and silymarin supplementation on the serum levels of TNF-α and leptin in Wistar rats with fatty liver disease.
Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats aged three weeks and weighting 159±3 grams were randomly divided into five groups: normal diet/saline, high-fat diet/saline (control), high-fat diet/supplemented, high-fat diet/exercise/saline, and high-fat diet/exercise/supplement. The rats were fed 10 grams per 100 grams of body weight (standard diet 13% fat and high-fat diet 41% fat) for eight weeks, and silymarin (140 mg per kilogram body weight) were given by gavage for 2 weeks. The continuous aerobic exercise protocol consisted 30 minutes of treadmill running at 70-75% of VO₂max for eight weeks, five days a week. After sacrificing the animals, samples were taken and sent to the laboratory for histological analysis. The expression of leptin and TNF-α in the liver was measured using commercial ELISA kits.
Results: The findings showed a greater decrease in hepatic leptin concentration in the high-fat diet + continuous exercise + supplement group (P<0.05) compared to the high-fat diet + continuous exercise + saline group (P<0.05). Tukey's post hoc test showed a greater decrease in the concentration of hepatic TNF-α in the high-fat diet + saline group (compared to the high-fat diet + supplement group) (P<0.05), and the high-fat + exercise + saline group (P<0.05). The weight of the rats in the normal diet + saline group differed significantly from other groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results indicated that the combination of continuous training with silymarin supplementation can help reduce leptin and TNF-α in rats with a high-fat diet, an effect not observed by silymarin supplementation alone. Therefore, the combination of continuous aerobic exercises and silymarin supplementation can further oxidize fat and reduce inflammation in the body.
 

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Background and Objective: A basic factor in the reduction of fertility levels is delayed fertility. This research was carried out in Khorramabad, Lorestan Province, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 535 married women aged 15-49 years in Khorramabad. The data were collected face-to-face through a cross-sectional survey in 2020 using a researcher-made questionnaire between September and December 2019. This study used the Kaplan-Meier test to determine the childlessness survival time. A logistic parametric model with the gamma shared frailty distributions was employed to analyze its determinants.
Results: The mean of childlessness survival time was 31.76 months, with a median of 24 months. Women in the age group of 15 to 30 years, women with university education, women who married at the age of less than 25 years, and women with a higher sense of socioeconomic insecurity had a longer childlessness survival time (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Childlessness was evaluated as low in Khorramabad. Only 2% of the women remained childless after 10 years of marriage.

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Background and Objective: Paraquat toxicity can damage organisms through mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. Evidence shows that regular exercise and appropriate antioxidant supplements can help reduce the complications caused by paraquat toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise training, along with piperine supplement, on the liver levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in Wistar rats induced with paraquat.
Methods: In this experimental study, 40 adult Wistar rats were randomly placed into 5 groups of 8, including 1) sham, 2) negative control-paraquat, 3) paraquat + training, 4) paraquat + training + piperine, and 5) paraquat + piperine. Aerobic training included 7 weeks of walking on a treadmill (5 sessions per week for 30-40 min per session, at a speed of 10-18 m/min). Paraquat was administered to the rats by intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight. The piperine supplement was daily gavaged at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight. The concentration of TNF-a and IL-10 was measured in the liver tissue.
Results: A significant increase in IL-10 and a decrease in TNF-a concentrations were observed between the paraquat-negative control groups compared to the sham, paraquat + exercise, paraquat + piperine, and paraquat + exercise + piperine groups (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the mean concentrations of TNF-a in the liver tissue between the two negative control groups - paraquat with paraquat + piperine supplement (P<0.05), paraquat + exercise + piperine (P<0.05), paraquat + exercise (P<0.05), and sham (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in concentrations of IL-10 in the liver tissue between the two negative control groups - paraquat with paraquat + piperine supplement, paraquat + exercise + piperine, paraquat + exercise), and sham (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The concentration of TNF-a and IL-10 in male rats induced with paraquat were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, compared to paraquat + piperine supplement, paraquat + exercise + piperine, paraquat + exercise, and sham groups. Therefore, it seems that performing aerobic exercise, along with piperine supplementation, can be a proper way to reduce the inflammation caused by paraquat.