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Background and Objective: Recent conservative management of sub-acromial shoulder impingement (SSI) includes general strengthening exercises, especially for internal (IR) and external (ER) shoulder rotators. Despite various studies, so far, there is no directly investigated for indicating the difference in muscle strength between patients with SSI and normal subjects. This study was done to compare the shoulder joint muscles’ strength in male students with and without SSI.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on  Twenty-four students with SSI as case group and 24 normal students as controls.The subjects in both groups matched for hand dominance and physical activity level, completed isokinetic shoulder IR and ER testing. In the case group, 18 patients had the symptoms in their dominant and 6 patients in their non-dominant side. Both sides IR and ER of shoulder were measured separately using continuous reciprocal concentric and eccentric contraction cycles at speed of 60 and 120 degrees per second, respectively. Values of peak torque were compared between the case and control groups.
Results: There was a significant difference between the two groups only when the symptomatic SSI shoulder was the dominant shoulder. Eccentric and concentric ER peak torque at 120 degree per second (22.20±7.01, 11.36±3.36), eccentric ER peak torque at 60 degree per second (20.53±6.15) and eccentric IR peak torque at 60 degree per second and 120 degree per second were significantly lower in the symptomatic dominant shoulder case group in compared to the dominant shoulder control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Changes in eccentric and concentric peak torque in SSI group may be related to limb dominance, which may have implications for strengthening regimes. Therefore, clinicians and therapeutic exercise expertise may benefit from eccentric isokinetic exercises for shoulder IR and ER rotators in order to design a treatment plan for patients with SSI.

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Background and Objective: Bacterial nanocellulose is known as a potential carrier for a widespread spectrum of biological compounds, including antibacterial and antifungal compounds. The present study was conducted to determine the impact of bacterial nanocellulose containing Natamycin and Amphotericin B on Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum in an in vitro environment.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical research, Aspergillus flavus-PTCC: 5006 and Penicillium citrinum-PTCC: 5304 fungi were prepared from the Fungal Collection of the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of Natamycin and Amphotericin B against Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum were evaluated by the microdilution method. Bacterial nanocellulose was prepared using Komagata xylinum bacterium, and Natamycin and Amphotericin B were added in three concentrations of 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1% to wet and lyophilized nanocellulose films by the immersion method. Then, the antifungal effects of the film containing the above compounds against the investigated fungi were investigated by the agar diffusion method. Parchment paper was used as a control for comparison. Spectral properties of nanocellulose film containing antifungal compounds were evaluated by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) method.
Results: MIC and MFC of Natamycin for Aspergillus flavus were determined as 3.9 μg/mL and 7.81 μg/mL, and for Penicillium citrinum as 7.81 μg/mL and 15.62 μg/mL, respectively. MIC and MFC of Amphotericin B for Aspergillus flavus were determined as 7.81 μg/mL and 15.62 μg/mL, and for Penicillium citrinum as 15.62 μg/mL and 31.25 μg/mL, respectively. The increased concentration had a statistically significant impact on the antifungal properties of all films (P<0.05). The best antifungal effects of the film were related to the film containing Natamycin.
Conclusion: Bacterial nanocellulose containing Natamycin showed stronger antifungal effects in an in vitro environment compared to Amphotericin B against Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum.