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This study was designed to evaluate the effects of total extract of Phytolacca Decandra on electrophysiological properties of atrioventricular node. Male rat heart after isolation was attached to a Langendorff perfusion system. The stimulation protocol was carried out during control condition (No intervention) and on the presence of selected concentration (1.10-7 %w/v, 2.10-7 %w/v, 5.10-7 %w/v) of Phytolacca Decandra. The basic (Wenchebach, AVCT and ERP) and functional (Recovery) properties of AV-node were studied in solated, perfused male rat cardiac preparations. Total extract of P.decandra significantly increased WBCL, AVCT and ERP in the concentration dependent manner, but had no significant effect on the time constant of recovery. The results of this study demonstrate that total extract of P.decandra had parasympathic-like effect on time-independent properties of AV-node and the above results also showed a potential anti-arrhythmic role of P.decandra in terminating supraventricular tachyarrhythmia.

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Vulvar mass is not a common problem in youngester and adults. The common complains are such as, vaginal impairment, infections, trauma, and rape. One of the rare vulvar mass has been presented in this case report. The mass was totally removed and was sent to the pathology department for medical examination. The diagnosis of neurofibromatose was confirmed by the laboratory results.

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The treatment of supraventricular arrhythmia include wide range of medical intervention, but ideal drug for treatment of this kind of arrhythmia is yet to be developed. Pharmacological interventions due to their adverse side effects and the possibility of proarrhythmic effects are usually ineffective in treating these conditions. Herbal remedies are suitable alternatives for synthetic drugs, due to their availability, minimal side effects and lower price. Pharmacological studies and traditional medical literature point to the cardiovascular effects of the Achillea Santolina in many instances. In present study, we used isolated heart of langandrof rats as an experimental model to determine the effect of various concentrations of the methanol extract of Achillea santolina (2×10^-7, 2×10^-9, 2×10^-10 W/V) on the electrophysiological properties of the isolated heart. Results of this study show a significant depression of WBCL, AVCT and ERP and non-significant increased in time constant of recovery (trec). It may be therefore be considered a potential role for anti-arrhythmic effect of Achillea Santolina in suppression or treating supraventricular tachyarrhythmia.

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Stress responses have been excited by the painful stimuli, after induction of anesthesia and during the operation. In order to reduce these responses, it will be useful to select the type of anesthesia. Based on this fact, two groups of patients (Every group had 50 patients) were selected randomly. All patients are older than 18 years old and were chosen according to America Society of Anesthesiologist, class I, II, and were candidated for cataract surgery. Propofol were used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia In group 1 (TIVA group). In group 2 (Balance anesthesia), Sodium Thiopental induced anesthesia and the combination of N2O and Halothane were used for maintenance of anesthesia, respectively. Blood Glucose in two groups was measured before induction of anesthesia that all were in normal range (80-120 mg/d). Then after induction, incision and 30 minutes after start of surgery, blood Glucose was measured again and deviation from basal level were classified in three categories as: <10%, 10-20%, >20%. The results demonstrated meaningful difference between two groups, statistically (Chi-square, P<0.001). Increasing the blood Glucose in group 2, in three stages, was more than group 1. Blood Glucose level was increased about 20% from its basal level, in the majority of group 2 (32% after induction, 64% after incision, 62% 30 minutes after start of surgery). But, this amount of increasing in group 1 was detected as follow. 16% after induction, 16% after incision, 12% 30 minutes after start of surgery. It is possible that in TIVA group’s, control of blood Glucose and stress responses better than balance anesthesia group’s. The comparative measurements of catecholamine level in both groups would be the next investigations.

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This study has been performed on show the incidence of sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL) in patients with chronic Otitis Media (COM) and it’s different parameters. 207 patients with persistent or previous otorrhea have been examined. 70 patients had bilateral otorrhea and 137 patients had unilateral problem so overall 277 ears are evaluated. The BC greater than 15 dB without carhartnotch was the basis for diagnosis of SNHL. 66 patients had SNHL and of them 26 cases were bilateral so total number of ears with SNHL were 92 (The incidence of SNHL was 32.2%). 3 cases were due to other causes like TB (1 case) RM fistula (1 case) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of middle ear (1 case). About 90.3% of cases had down slooping high frequency SNHL in their audiogram. In 47.6% of the ears with granulation tissue and cholesteatoma had SNHL while 28.7% of cases with chronic perforation revealed SNHL. Analysis of this study showed that there is a probability of increased SNHL during old ages the cases of prolonged and persisted otorrhea also revealed a higher incidence of SNHL. We didn’t disclose correlation between age and severity of SNHL.

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Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Histologic grading is one of the prognostic factors in breast cancer. The present study performed in analytic descriptive method and based on the slide review of beast biopsies received in the pathology department of 5th Azar Hospital from 1976 to 1978, and on the basis of Bloom-Richardson criteria (Mitoses, tubule formation and nuclear pleomorphism). The results are consist of: 1) Infiltrating duct carcinoma is the most common histopathologic form, and tubular carcinoma is the least common 2) The most common age is 36-45 years 3) There is meaningful relationship between mitoses and tubule formation and between pleomorphism and tubule formation. But there is no relation between nuclear pleomorphism and tubule formation in the tumor. Histologic grading of breast carcinoma should be reported by pathologist for clear determination of prognosis and also the best choice for management of the tumors.

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Serological Widal test is a fast, reliable and easy to perform and this test still is a suitable diagnostic method for diagnosing of typhoidal disease in many clinical laboratories. However, there are some doubtful reports regarding diagnostic value and credibility of this test, which was a motivation for present research. In this study, a total of 378 patients in two groups including 182 typhoidal patients with positive culture for Salmonella Typhi and para-Typhi A, B, C and 196 non-typhoidal febrile patients with negative culture for Salmonella, were studied in Hamadan city during 1994-97. All patients had at least one Widal test. In first group, 52.7% of patients have a titer of ?1:40 using anti-O (A, B, D) and 42.3% of patients also have a titer of ?1:80 using anti-O (A, B, D). In second group, 7.2% of patients have a titer of ?1:40 and 5.6% of them have a titer of ?1:80. In first group, 66.4% of patients had positive blood culture for S.typhi, however, 31.3% of them had positive antibody for OD titer. The results of this study indicated that sensitivity of Widal test for titer of ?1:80 was 86%, specificity 64% and PPV 42% and NPV 95%, therefore the negative Widal test did not have significant effect on the clinical diagnosis of typhoid disease.

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Sialoprotein is one of the most abundant non-collageneous and phosphorylated glycoproteins in human. This protein plays an important role in the structure of human teeth. The aim of this project is to measure the amount of dentin Sialoprotein in the healthy and decay teeth to evaluate the variation in the teeth structure. In this investigation 50 decay teeth has been collected from patients referred to the clinic. The dentin was separated and placed in liquid Nitrogen. One gram of each dentin was washed with distilled water for 30 mins and subsequently the dentin was powdered, and relocated to the gaunidin-Hcl tris buffer, and incubated at 4°C for 48 hrs. The dentin powder was centrifuged at 3000 g for 20 mine. The supernatant was discarded, and the samples again was centrifuged at 10000 g. Finally one ml of this supernatant transferred to the sepharose column and washed with gaunidin-Hcl tris at 1 ml/min. The fractions obtained by chromatography was monitored by electrophoresis. The amount of decay teeth Sialoprotein was 17.23±1.45 ng/l and in the healthy teeth was 26.39±4.27 ng/l. The results from this study indicate that the Sialoprotein content in patient dentin decreased by about 1.5 time compared normal subjects.

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One of the major determinative of the outcome of the ophthalmologic surgeries, is how efficiency the anesthesiologist can lower the intraocular pressure (IOP) and prevent it from rising in response to such maneuvers as laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. In our study, we have chosen Midazolam and Propofol for comparing their effects on IOP during induction of anesthesia, laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, with the purpose of identifying the drug which can more effectively decrease IOP and prevent it’s during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. 100 patients were selected randomly and received either Midazolam 0.2 mg/kg, Sufentanil 0.2 microgram/kg, Atracurium 0.5 mg/kg (Group 1) or Propofol 2.5 mg/kg, Sufentanil 0.2 microgram/kg, Atracurium 0.5 mg/kg (Group 2). The IOP was measured before and after induction and immediately after intubation. Both groups showed a meaningful decrease in IOP following induction of anesthesia (P?0.0001). Laryngoscopy and intubation, increased IOP in group 1, however not significantly and still lower than the base line IOP (P=0.09). Group 2 showed no such increase (P<0.0001). We concluded that Propofol in comparison to Midazolam is more effective in prevention of IOP rise in response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.

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Golden Staphylococci is one of the most common factors in skin and systemic infection. About 30% of people are carrying this bacterium in their skin and nose. Increased drug resistance in this microorganism and consequent infection, has gained the attention of scientific organization. Therefore we decided to determine the prevalence of nose carrier of this bacterium in healthy children in Gorgan schools. During the winter 1998 to March 1999 the sample has been taken from 1193 student’s nose with sterile cotton swab. These results showed that in 194 samples (16.3%) Staphylococci Aureus has been isolated, from these samples 114 cases belong to girls (16.1%) and 80 cases were boys (16.4%) that there is not a meaningful variation between them. The number of bacteria isolated from the villages children was 109 cases (17.6%) and in town’s children were 85 cases (14.8%), also this difference didn’t show significant difference. The prevalence of carrier among the 6-12 years old was 12-25.3%, which has got a significant meaning (P<0.001). Antibiotic resistance in the isolated S.aureus were tested and result showed that 34.8% of samples are resistant to Methicilin and 1.7% were resistant to Vancomycin, only 4% were sensitive to Penicillin. Therefore with regard to the results of this investigation, further researches are recommended in relation between strain’s of S.aureus that isolated from carrier’s and strain’s that isolated from patients and to determine their drug resistance in this region.

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Recent publications have questioned the efficacy of massage. It is acknowledged that critical care environment are stressful for patients in term of invasive medical, and nursing procedures. Continuous brighting and excessive noise prohibits the potential relaxation and sleep. In this article, which is a research study, the physiologic response during and following a five minutes administration of back massage are described. This study is a semi-experimental research in which a 5 minutes back massage was offered to 25 patients as stress reduction intervention. Physiological data (Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, respiration and peripheral oxygen saturation) were obtained from the patient bedside monitoring system. Results indicated there was significant effect from the intervention on peripheral oxygen saturation (P<0.002). However, a significant decrease in heart rate (P<0.001), blood pressure (P<0.001) and respiration rate (P<0.001) was observed during the back massage intervention. Results indicated back massage had the potential effect of increasing relaxation as evidenced by physiological change during the intervention administration to critically ill patient in intensive care unit massage was found to be a useful therapy to enhance relaxation and sleep in critically ill patient.

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Gastro-enteritis due to Vibrio Cholera was increased suddenly in summer of 1998 in our country. In this research we studied epidemiological and clinical features of Cholerae patients. Vibrio Cholera isolated from 189 (3.3%) patients from 56II stool samples. 182 (96.2%) Vibrio Cholera O1 isolated. 46 (24%) patients with positive stool cultures for Vibrio Cholera were hospitalized. 50% patients were 15-45 yrs. No sex predominency was seen. The important observations in this study including: Fever in 28.1% (13) of patients, sever leukocytosis in 15% (7) of patients, RBC in stool in 33% (15) of patients. Fever and neutrophilia and RBC in stool probably shows co-infection with order intestinal pathogens or different serotypes of Vibrio Cholera with new characteristics. So we are recommending extensive research to be done on serotyping of all of the isolates of Vibrio cholera and other intestinal pathogens simultaneously.

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For a patient under any treatment it is very important to maintain a stable cardiovascular system (CVS) under anesthesia. The CVS can be disturbed due to many factors, and one of the factor which can later the hemodynamic system of the patient is laryngoscopy and intubation. Hence the assessment of the variations in the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) of the patient during laryngoscopy and intubation is very important. Hypertension and Tachycardia as a great disorders causing great problems. Such as cerebral hemorrhagia and myocardial infection, which are occurred during general anesthesia. Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation is necessary for airway management prevention of the aspiration of gastric contents. The amount of blood pressure and heart rate is measured in 1, 3, 5 after laryngoscopy and intubation. 70 patients ASA1 with the age of 16-55, undergone elective surgery and a general anesthesia were selected. Some drug pre-medication and induction were the same in rate about all patients. 35 patients are intubated orally and the rest of them nasally. The subjects were chosen among patients who did not have difficult intubation and cardiovascular disorders. Before laryngoscopy and 1, 3, 5 minutes blood pressure and HR measured. According to outcoming results, blood pressure and HR increasing after laryngoscopy in both group (Oral intubation and nasal intubation). The increase of nasotracheal intubation was more than oral one remarkably. The difference would be meaningful according to statistic point (P<0.05). According to research finding the most amount of increase in the blood pressure and HR was related to the laryngoscopy and intubation. These changes can make problems for some cardiovascular patients. So it is suggested that all anesthetists should lessen the probable complication of patients under laryngoscopy a tracheal intubation by monitoring BP and HR.

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Urinary tract infection is common disease in pregnancy and most symptomatic infection with grate danger for fetus and mother’s. This study has been done to determine the prevalency of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women in Gorgan in 2000. Mid-stream urine from 900 pregnant women was obtained. Urine analysis and culture for all of them have been done and positive cultured (Isolated bacteria with 100000-colony count) was antibiogramed by Kerby Buer method. Out of 900 urine specimen 3.7% of samples had positive urinary tract infection. The common organism isolated was E.coli (33.3%), Coagulase negative, Staphylococci (30.3%) and Klebsiella (15.2%). There was not a significant correlation between age, pariety, pregnancy age, fresh urinary infection and asymptomatic bacteriuria but there was a significant and correlation kidney stone between bacteriuria. Anti-microbial sensitivity pattern demonstrates more sensitivity of strain with Amikacin and Gentamycin. Although prevalence of bacteriuria in this (3.7%) lower than other studies in this country but for their severe sequele. This phenomen should be taken into more consideration further investigation in other part of the country should be done to face the probable difficulties.

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Abdominal sonography is a best method to defined implantation site of placenta. Determination of placental site is very important if the aggressive method is to be used this study design to define implantation site of placenta in 1585 pregnant women whom referred 28 wk to sonographic center to Deziani Hospital in their third trimester with routine prenatal care. Collection of data perform in nine month and the data was collected by interviewing the pregnant women using a checklist and questionnaire. The results from this investigation show that 51.79% of placenta located in fondoanterior 31.23% fondoposterior, 12.11% posterior another in lateral position and 0.18% of placenta was previa.

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A great number of drugs have been used to inhibit preterm labor but none has been completely effective. This study has compared. The efficacy of Indomethacin and Mg-Sulfate for delaying delivery in preterm labor. In this randomized controlled trial study 120 pregnant women with intact membrane and preterm labor, cervical dilatation at least 2 cm were studied and if they had premature rupture of membranes, gestational age less than 24 or more than 32 weeks, complete cervical dilatation, severe hemorrhage, chorioamnionitis and triple or higher order gestation excluded from study. Subjects are randomly managed with Indomethacin 25 mg every 6 hours for 4 doses or Mg-Sulfate initially 4 gr/IV followed by 2 gr/h IU infusion until uterine activity diminished or decrease. The success of management was considered as either reduce or stopping the uterine contractions, and no increase in cervical dilatation or effacement. Statistical analysis were performed with Chi-square and T-test. The 2 groups understudy had the same inducer maternal matched maternal age, gestational age, parity, dilatation and effacement at initiation of study, frequency of uterine contractions. Delivery was delayed 24 hr in 66.6% and 48 hr in 58.3% by Mg-Sulfate, also delayed 24 hr in 40% and 48hr in 35% by Indomethacin (P<0.0001). No complications were reported in each group. Mg-Sulfate is more effective than Indomethacin in delaying preterm labor.

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Increase blood level of thyroid hormones due to hyperthyroidism can change the balance between resorption and bone formation and result in hypercalcemia, increase Alkaline Phosphatase and increase in urinary Calcium excretion. Due to these finding and the nutritional conditions of our country in Calcium containing food, we decided to evaluate some of bone indexes in hyperthyroid patients. 30 women, 6 men between 17-40 years (23 patients) and more then 40 years (13 patients) were the sample populations. The control subjects were 35 healthy people 17-40 years (25 persons) and more than 40 years (10 persons). The serum Calcium, phosphorus and Alkaline Phosphatase were determined in these hyperthyroid patients. There were a meaningful correlation between the Alkaline Phosphatase of hyperthyroid patients compared to normal subject (P<0.05) in the patients more than 40 years old, and (P<0.01) in the 17-40 years patients. There were no differences between serum Calcium of hyperthyroid patients and normal subjects. The results from this investigation indicate that in hyperthyroid patients the average Alkaline Phosphatase level is higher than normal subjects. On the other hand the reason for not having a meaningful differences in Calcium level between the hyperthyroid patients and normal population may be due to low dietary intake of dairy produce and proteins in daily diet, which results in low amount of Calcium in nutrition.

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Liver is an important organ with major role in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids metabolism. In addition, secretion and excretion of toxic materials occur in this organ. Exposure to a variety of infectious agents such as parasitic, viral, bacterial or toxic materials may lead to liver damage. Today, one of the best way for investigation and diagnosis of liver damage is measurement of some liver enzyme such as Alanine Aminotransferase (GPT or ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (GOT or AST). Since, these enzymes exist in other tissues, measurement of other specific enzyme is required. In this study activity of Ornithine Carbamyltransferase (OCT), the second enzyme in urea cycle, in 56 patients with liver problem (Cirrhosis and viral hepatitis) was determined. SGPT, SGOT, Alb, Bil, ?GT and ALP tests were performed. To assess the health and unhealthy liver in both control and sample groups. Our data shows a correlation between activity of OCT with SGOT (R=0.782, P<0.001) and with SGPT (R=0.857, P<0.001). Since OCT enzyme is specific for liver, further investigation of activity of this enzyme in assessment of other liver problems is required.

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Solvent exposure can affect human health. It can cause different effects in different part of the body. One of the most important side effects is neurobehavioral symptom including mood disorders, short memory, and tiredness. To determine the frequency of neurobehavioral effects in patients of a car producing plant in Tehran and comparing them with other workers in the same plant whom was not being exposed to such solvents. All of car painters (78 persons) as our case group and 83 non-painters as our control group were selected by simple random sampling and neurobehavioral abnormality was assessed by Q16 questionnaire. Neurobehavioral disorders based on above questionnaire was observed in 46% of car painters vs. 36% of non-painters (P=0.10). The significant differences were observed in perspiration without any particular reason (Q8) and feeling irritated without any particular reason (Q4). There was not a significant difference in observed frequency of neurobehavioral abnormalities in patients vs. non-painters, however both of these frequencies were higher than expected frequency reported in other reports.

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Diarrhea is one of the main reasons of mortality among children in the developed countries and half of all death is due to persisted diarrhea. This research is a cross-sectional and analytical study done on 708 children with acute diarrhea in village around Gorgan, to find out the effective factors on having persisted diarrhea in children under 5 years old. Face to face interview and determining the variable factors and examining health center records on children with acute diarrhea were the basis for filling the corresponding questionnaires. 14 days after the start of acute diarrhea, which was the second part of this research, the above questionnaires were fully completed by calling on the patient’s home. According to our investigation the risk factors related to the persisted diarrhea were as follow: Age, ethnicity, children length of breast feeding, chlorinated water, children consumed food at the time of acute diarrhea. The results from this investigation indicate that with 95% about probability 10.7%-11.3% of patients with acute diarrhea end-up with persisted diarrhea, which means diarrhea, was continued for more than 14 days. Therefore by controlling the above risk factors the mortality rate due to acute diarrhea could be reduced.