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Background and Objective: Meralgia paresthetica (MP) is due to lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) involvement if it is left either unattended miss treated it can be followed by significant disabilities. This study was done to compare the neurolysis and nerve resection in treatment refractory of Meralgia paresthetica. Materials and Methods: This descriptive - comparative study was carried out on 14 patients (7 males and 7 females) afflicted with Meralgia paresthetica and resisted to theraputical regiment in Poorsina hospital in Rasht, North of Iran during 2001-08. The patients were selected non-randomly and neurolysis were gone under either neurolysis or nerve resection surgery with 18-month follow-up. Results: All 5 patients with neurolysis operation were found to have the recurrent symptoms. Non of the patient operated with nerve resection demostrated the clinical manifestation of the recurment sympotms, following 18 month follow-up. The success rate of neurolysis and nerve resection were determined to be 3% and 98.8% respectively. Six women and three men are LFCN-resected a woman and four men treated with neurolysis. The mean age and the disease onset length were 64.6%±9.8 year and 18±11 months, respectively. Conclusion: Nerve resection method is suggested in patients with Meralgia paresthetica resisted to theraputical treatment.

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Background and Objective: Chronic subdural hematoma is a common disease among patients whom admitted in neurosurgical departments. Although therapeutic strategy of this disease is simple but prognosis of patients is not easily predictable. This study was done to determine the Prognostic factors in patients with chronic subdural hematoma underwent Burr hole trephination surgery method. Method: This descriptive - analytic study was done on 90 patients with chronic subdural hematoma whom treated with Burr hole trephination surgery technique in Urmia, Iran during 2009-13. Age, sex and size of hematoma, mid-line shift, density and location of hematoma, level of consciousness before surgery, history of disease, physical examination, post-operative brain expansion and post-operative pneumocephalus were recorded for each patient as possible effective variables in outcome. Patients prognosis were evaluated by modified Rankin scale was considered as follow: 0-1=good, 2-5=bad. Results: 63 (70%) and 27 (30%) of patients were in good and bad prognosis, respectively. Age older than 70 years, level of consciousness less than 12 and history of diabetes were the most significant variables being correlated with bad prognosis after surgery (P<0.05). Conclusion: Elderly age, level of consciousness prior to surgery and diabetes were correlated with bad prognosis in patients with chronic subdural hematoma underwent Burr hole trephination surgery method.

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Background and Objective: Repair of peripheral nerve is one of main challenge in surgery and despite improvement in this field less than 50% of cases have functional improvment. This study was done to evaluate the comparison of epineural and peripheral methods in ulnar nerve repair. Method: In this clinical trial study, 28 patients with ulnar nerve injury in distal of forearm were randomly divided equly into epineural and peripheral surgery methods. After 4 months of surgery, the subjects were examined using with EMG, nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and sensorimotor examination on the first dorsal interosos muscle (FDIM) and abductor digiti minim muscle (ADM). Results: The mean of domain nerve activity, latency nerve activity and NCV in affected upper limb and non affected side had significant differences in epineural and peripheral methods (P<0.05). Latency nerve activity and NCV were similar in both methods. The mean of motor unit potential (MUP) was determined in 71% and 64% of patiants in epineural and peripheral methods, respectively. Muscle activity of FDIM was observed in 64% and 57% of patients in epineural and peripheral methods, respectively. Light touch was determined in 35.7% and 28.5% of patients in epineural and peripheral methods, respectively. Pain was reported in 78.5% and 57% of patients in epineural and peripheral methods, respectively. Conclusion: There was no difference between nerve repair by epineurium and prineurium methods using EMG, NCV and motorosensorial examination.

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Background and Objective: Because of tissue variety, signs, symptoms, and higher mortality and morbidity, central nervous system (CNS) tumors are of special importance in diagnosis and treatment. Knowledge of the epidemiology of these tumors helps with health system planning. This study aimed to obtain more data on the epidemiologic specifications of these neoplasms.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study focuses on 141 patients (58 Male and 83 female) with CNS tumors who visited the 5th Azar Hospital, Gorgan, Iran, during 2013-17. All the data were obtained from hospital medical records in the Neurosurgery and Oncology Department. All demographic data were recorded, such as age, sex, tumor type, signs, symptoms, and risk factors. In cases with incomplete data, the files were completed with interviews and phone calls.
Results: The tumors in 94 (66.6%) patients were benign, and 47 (33.3%) patients had malignant and metastatic tumors. The most common signs were headache (n=43, 30.5%) and convulsion (n=24, 17%). No relationship was found between CNS tumors, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia.
Conclusion: Regarding the high mortality of CNS tumors, early adequate attention to signs and symptoms helps earlier diagnosis. However, more studies on larger samples are needed to find more risk factors.

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Background and Objective: The sphenoid sinus is one of the four paranasal sinuses located within the sphenoid bone and plays a crucial role in pituitary gland surgeries. This sinus is in close proximity to vital structures, including the internal carotid artery and the optic nerve. This study was conducted to radiologically evaluate sphenoid sinus anatomical characteristics using computed tomography (CT) scans of patients referring to selected imaging centers in Gorgan, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 180 patients (100 females and 80 males; mean age = 35.69±13.07 years) referring for paranasal sinus CT scans or head and neck CT scans, prescribed by a specialist physician, to the Fifth Azar Educational-Therapeutic Center and Izadi Imaging Center in Gorgan, Iran, during July and August 2020. The sphenoid sinus volume and anatomical characteristics, including the type of pneumatization, presence of septa, and carotid canal protrusion and adhesion, were examined via CT imaging.
Results: Regarding the frequency distribution of sinus types based on the site of pneumatization, 151 cases (83.8%) were postsellar, 25 (13.8%) were sellar, and 4 (2.2%) were presellar. The mean volume of the left sinus and the total sinus volume were significantly higher in men than in women (P<0.05). Carotid canal adhesion to the sphenoid sinus was observed in 20 patients (11.1%). No significant statistical difference was found between genders regarding the distribution of carotid canal adhesion, presence of accessory septa, or carotid canal protrusion. Similarly, the pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process, pterygoid process, and the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid showed no gender-based significant differences. A significant statistical correlation was observed between left carotid protrusion and the pneumatization of the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid, as well as pterygoid and anterior clinoid processes (P<0.05). On the right side, this correlation was not present with the pneumatization of the lesser wing. Regarding carotid canal adhesion, a significant correlation was only found with the pneumatization of the left pterygoid process (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The most common form of the sphenoid sinus was the postsellar type, and the mean total and left sinus volumes were greater in men. Gender was not found to be a reliable predictor for the extensive variations and high diversity of the sphenoid sinus anatomical characteristics.