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Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) are produced against lysozomal constituents and primary granules of myeloid cells (Neutrophiles & monocytes) in some rheumatic diseases and wegner’s granulomtosis (WG). This antibodies not only may related to onset of vasculitis lesions, but also have a valuable diagnostic tool, thus, first we tired to evaluated the prevalence of this antibodies in 65 serum of patients with RA and 42 serum of patients with SLE. By using of indirect immunoflourescence assay (IFA), two staining patterns are recognized: Cytoplasmic (C-ANCA) pattern which in 80% of results from anti-PR3, and prenuclear (P-ANCA) pattern, which can result from any antibody directed to myeloperoxidase (MPO), cathepsin G (CG) lactoferrin (LF), elastsae (HLE) and lysozyme (LZ). The sensitivity and specificity for SLE from 1:128 serum dilution was 8% and 85.1% respectively, and for RA from 1:16 dilution was 32.2% and 87.5% respectively. Of the 19 SLE, ANCA positive patients 18 (94.7%) had P-ANCA and 1 patient (5.3%) had C-ANCA and of the 23 RA, ANCA positive patients, 17 (73.9%) had P-ANCA and 6 patients (26.1%) had C-ANCA.

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In order to determine the relationship between breast feeding and growth pattern, the information about anthropometric measurement and feeding pattern in first 4-6 months of life and after that of 324 hospitalized children were recorded and analyzed results are as follow: 67.3% were exclusively breast-fed, 61.3% were breast-fed accompanied with non-maternal milk (Cow milk, formula, pasteurized cow milk) and 11.4% were fed with non-maternal milk only. 44.8% of the total patients had weight for the age under 5th percentile, 53.7% had height for the under 5th percentile and 26.9% had head circumference (HC) for age under 5th percentile of NCHS standard. 77.8% of infants under 6 months of age who had weight for age under 5th percentile never have been fed with breast milk. In the other hand 72.2% of patients with weight for age between 5-100th percentile fed exclusively with breast milk in first 4-6 months of life (P<0.03). 63.2% of infants aged 6-12 months with weight for age under 5th percentile have never been fed with breast milk in first 4-6 months or did not commence supplementary food on time. This study suggest that exclusively breast-feeding in first 4-6 months of life and continuation of breast milk beside supplementary food on proper time can provide better growth potential relative to other options.

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Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacteria infections. The incidence of urinary tract infections in school age is more common in girls than in boys. Children have to be screened for asymptomatic bacteriuria before they reach to the state of renal damage. In our district no such study has been made to determine the prevalence of bacteriuria. Urine samples were collected from 642 school girls aged between 6-11 years, and were investigated by doing urine analysis and urine culture. 15 girls had significant bacteriuria, (>10^5 bacteria/ml). 11 children had pyuria (WBC>5), and 6 samples had both significant bacteriuria and pyuria. At the same time there were 5 cases with sterile pyuria. 6 girls had nitrite in their urine samples. All of the urine samples with positive nitrite test had significant bacteriuria. The study shows that there is a positive correlation between pyuria of nitrite and significant bacteriuria. Escherichia-coli is the most common microorganism in schoolgirls with significant bacteriuria. The incidence of screening bacteriuria was 2.3% which most of them were asymptomatic.

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This study was designed to evaluate the effects of total extract of Phytolacca Decandra on electrophysiological properties of atrioventricular node. Male rat heart after isolation was attached to a Langendorff perfusion system. The stimulation protocol was carried out during control condition (No intervention) and on the presence of selected concentration (1.10-7 %w/v, 2.10-7 %w/v, 5.10-7 %w/v) of Phytolacca Decandra. The basic (Wenchebach, AVCT and ERP) and functional (Recovery) properties of AV-node were studied in solated, perfused male rat cardiac preparations. Total extract of P.decandra significantly increased WBCL, AVCT and ERP in the concentration dependent manner, but had no significant effect on the time constant of recovery. The results of this study demonstrate that total extract of P.decandra had parasympathic-like effect on time-independent properties of AV-node and the above results also showed a potential anti-arrhythmic role of P.decandra in terminating supraventricular tachyarrhythmia.

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In this case-control study, 58 transfusion-dependent Thalassemic patients compared with 46 normal healthy persons on study of their thyroid size & function. In this study, thalassemia patients divided in two groups: Group one 31 patients with (Ferritin<1500) and group two 27 patients with (Ferritin>1500) and 3rd one was named control group (46 healthy persons). These groups were compared to achieve the best possible results and conclusion out of 31 patients. From first group 26 people had normal thyroid function test only 5 patients (16%) had goiter. From 27 patients in second group, 5 people (19%) had normal thyroid and 22 patients had goiter, in 3rd group 29% had normal thyroid, the difference between second and third groups were significant (P<0.01). In second group T4 level were lower than control, instead the TSH level were more than control group. The difference in second and third group were significant. The mean of T3 and T4 in group one and three don’t have significant differences. Conclusion: The goiter incidence and hypothyroidism in major Thalassemia with poor control (Ferritin>1500) are high.

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The amount of stainable Iron in the bone marrow is frequently used as a means of assessing Iron stores. In our study marrow Iron assessed in needle biopsy sections and simultaneously obtained aspirated smears from 75 patients. Significantly different amounts of stainable Iron were observed in needle biopsy and aspirated smears in 53.3% of the specimen. The usual difference consisted of significantly less stainable Iron in needle biopsy sections as compared to the aspirated smears (49.3%). In according to this study, in comparison of needle biopsy section to aspirated smears (As a golden test), sensitivity and specificity were 88 and 64 percent, respectively. Also, positive and negative predictive values were 56.5 and 91%, respectively. It can be appreciated that marrow assessment of Iron content may be associated with distinct differences between the needle biopsy specimens, and the aspirated smears, and could lead to diagnostic error, although, with some limitations and cautions biopsy specimen can be used for Iron assessment.

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The term Noonan syndrome has been applied to phenotypic male and female who have certain anomalies that occur also in female with Turner’s syndrome. These patients have normal karyotype. The disorder is very rare. The most common abnormality are short stature, webbing of the neck, Pectus Carinatum or Pectus excavatum, congenital heart disease. This particular case is a 8-year-old girl-patient who referred to pediatric clinic with short stature. Another abnormality in these patients is abnormal facies (Hypertelorism, hypogonadism, piqure chest and webbing of the neck). The patient had moderate mental retardation. Chromosomal analysis revealed 46xx cytogenetic distinguished Noonan syndrome.

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Vulvar mass is not a common problem in youngester and adults. The common complains are such as, vaginal impairment, infections, trauma, and rape. One of the rare vulvar mass has been presented in this case report. The mass was totally removed and was sent to the pathology department for medical examination. The diagnosis of neurofibromatose was confirmed by the laboratory results.

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All the Lipids within the cellular membranes are existed in bilayer structure, but it has been proved that when some of these Lipids extracted from the native membrane and dispersed in water, it does exhibit non-bilayer structure, although the same Lipids have got bilayer structure in the membrane itself. It has been reported that some factors such as, enzymes (Lipase), temperature, change of pH and presence of some ions, some biochemical, biophysical and physiological variation, can convert the bilayer forming Lipids into the non-bilayer structure within the native membrane itself. Endocytotic vesicles are generated when segments of plasma membrane invaginated enclosing a minute volume of extracellular fluid and its contents. In exocytosis also remodeling of membrane is involved and most cells release macromolecules to the exterior by exocytosis, the processes of diffusion also happen with some Lipids change into the non-bilayer structure. The question that represent the subject of this review article is the way the Lipids in cellular membrane change their molecular structure from the bilayer to non-bilayer structure, to pave the way for the above processes.

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This case report is about a 25-year-old patient with microangiopathic in toxemic pregnancy. Clinical manifestations are such as hemorrhage in digestive system and urinary tract accompanied with anemia thrombocytopenia, liver, and kidney, disorder. The clinical diagnosis for this patient was HELLP syndrome, with all of the clinical manifestations of this syndrome the patient was admitted to the 5th Azar Hospital in Gorgan. All of the clinical manifestations and paraclinical observation returned to normal during one and three weeks respectively. The prevalency of this syndrome among the total pregnancies is about 0.2%-0.8% and the risk of recurrence of this disorder is about 3-25%.

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In this study 32 patients whom had only one superficial bladder tumor (T?-T1 stage) were selected to investigate the effectiveness of either BCG of Alfa-Interferon in preventing the recurrence of tumor. The other aim of this study was to compare the ideal regiment for the patient. These patients previously had neither tumor nor immunotherapy. The patients were divided randomly into two groups, each consisting of 16 people, and they were given the chosen medicine two weeks after surgery of tumor, which is usually superficial tumor (TCC type). 10 million unit of Alfa-Interferon in amount of 7 dose was injected weekly in those patients in group 1 and 120 mg BCG in group 2 respectively. Tumor recurrence in those patients, which receive interferon, was 50% and those that receive BCG was 18.5% respectively (P=0.07). The average recurrence of tumor in group 1 was 0.046 for one person per month (Patient/month) and the same index for group 2 was 0.015 recurrence for each person per month. Relative risk in equal to 3 (Relative risk=3) with accuracy of 95% between (0.87-10.38) but in those patients that were under ?-Interferon treatment only 4, and in BCG group 13 patients got the side effects of medicines.

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In this research we examined the sensitivity of micronucleus assay for monitoring clastogenic effects of low dose fast neutrons. Syrian mice (12 weeks old) were irradiated by fast neutrons emitted from a 241Am-9Be source. The absorbed dose was 1.5, 2.25, 3.375 and 5.06 cGy. Mice were scarified by cervical dislocation at different post irradiation times (24, 48 and 72 h). The results obtained show that the frequency of neutron-induced micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCES) is significantly higher than those of control groups (P<0.05) at neutron dose used in this experiment. We concluded that micronucleus assay is an effective and also inexpensive method for monitoring clastogenic effects of high LET radiation in low dose levels.

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Most cancer patients complain from pain in final part of their disease. One of the aims of health center, in the country is how to relieve pain from such patients. Therefore we tried to carry on a semi-experimental research to find out the effectiveness of Morphine by either continuous infusion or intermittence injection in such patients. We used non-random sampling, the total number of samples were 11 female and 9 male. These patients were on their final phase of disease. The process that we collected the information was based on the check-list which consist of two sections, in first part the demographic characterization of patients was recorded, using observation and interview with patients and in second part of these check-list the level of pain was assessed using visual analogue scale, which marked every two hours and finally the average of this scale in 24 hours is evaluated using as index in our study. Our results indicate that continuous infusion is more effective in relieving pain than intermittence injection (P<0.03). The results of this investigation showed that, age, sex and different type of cancer has got no meaningful variation in changing the main findings of this semi-experimental research.

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Cryptorchidism means undersecending testes, it is one of the most disorder in boy’s urogenital system. The aim of this research is to study the cryptorchidism prevalency in newborn boys in Gorgan. This research is a descriptive and cross-sectional study and the population under examination are those newborn boys that are given birth in Dizyani Hospital during 1377. 2318 newborn boys examined by standard physical method and the relation between this disorder and the following parameters has been the main concerns of this study, these are as follow: Either bilateral or unilateral cryptorchidism, mother’s age, parity, birth weight, maturating as birth, and race. The results of this study show, that from 2318 newborn boys 89 infant (3.8%) have cryptorchidism at birth. From those latter figures 2.3% are unilateral and 1.5% are bilateral. Our result indicate that there is a significant correlation between cryptorchidism gestational age (P<0.0001) and birth weight (P<0.0001) but there is no relation between cryptorchidism with mother age and parity. The present research also indicate that cryptorchidism prevalency in under-weight newborn and premature infant is considerably increased. The conclusion of our study indicate that cryptorchidism prevalency has got no significant differences from previous investigations.

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We studied the effect of different concentration of streptomycin in growth of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis strains. The results showed that in Streptomycin resistant and sensitive strains addition of 0.1 µg/ml and 0.01 µg/ml of Streptomycin in Lowenstein media, enhanced the appearance of colony about 5-7 and 1-5 days respectively. This observation may be due to the effect of Streptomycin on porin proteins of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis cell wall. Strains of M.tub showed modified colony morphology in the presence of low concentration of Streptomycin (0.1 & 0.01 µg/ml).

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This study has been carried out on the 491 local children whom have been selected on random sampling in 20 villages around Gorgan. The size of the height and weight of NCHS standard has been used for comparison. The results of this study shows that the height and weight of all the children in any age group is below NCHS standard. It take more time to reach to acceptable height than reaching to a standard growth and weight. Children in any age experience delay in height monotonously but it has been recorded than in initial years of life, children experience shorter delay in growth and weight but by increasing the age, the delay in the former indices increased as well. In the whole, the rate of the malnutrition will be worsen after the breast feeding period is stopped.

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The treatment of supraventricular arrhythmia include wide range of medical intervention, but ideal drug for treatment of this kind of arrhythmia is yet to be developed. Pharmacological interventions due to their adverse side effects and the possibility of proarrhythmic effects are usually ineffective in treating these conditions. Herbal remedies are suitable alternatives for synthetic drugs, due to their availability, minimal side effects and lower price. Pharmacological studies and traditional medical literature point to the cardiovascular effects of the Achillea Santolina in many instances. In present study, we used isolated heart of langandrof rats as an experimental model to determine the effect of various concentrations of the methanol extract of Achillea santolina (2×10^-7, 2×10^-9, 2×10^-10 W/V) on the electrophysiological properties of the isolated heart. Results of this study show a significant depression of WBCL, AVCT and ERP and non-significant increased in time constant of recovery (trec). It may be therefore be considered a potential role for anti-arrhythmic effect of Achillea Santolina in suppression or treating supraventricular tachyarrhythmia.

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Stress responses have been excited by the painful stimuli, after induction of anesthesia and during the operation. In order to reduce these responses, it will be useful to select the type of anesthesia. Based on this fact, two groups of patients (Every group had 50 patients) were selected randomly. All patients are older than 18 years old and were chosen according to America Society of Anesthesiologist, class I, II, and were candidated for cataract surgery. Propofol were used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia In group 1 (TIVA group). In group 2 (Balance anesthesia), Sodium Thiopental induced anesthesia and the combination of N2O and Halothane were used for maintenance of anesthesia, respectively. Blood Glucose in two groups was measured before induction of anesthesia that all were in normal range (80-120 mg/d). Then after induction, incision and 30 minutes after start of surgery, blood Glucose was measured again and deviation from basal level were classified in three categories as: <10%, 10-20%, >20%. The results demonstrated meaningful difference between two groups, statistically (Chi-square, P<0.001). Increasing the blood Glucose in group 2, in three stages, was more than group 1. Blood Glucose level was increased about 20% from its basal level, in the majority of group 2 (32% after induction, 64% after incision, 62% 30 minutes after start of surgery). But, this amount of increasing in group 1 was detected as follow. 16% after induction, 16% after incision, 12% 30 minutes after start of surgery. It is possible that in TIVA group’s, control of blood Glucose and stress responses better than balance anesthesia group’s. The comparative measurements of catecholamine level in both groups would be the next investigations.

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This study has been performed on show the incidence of sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL) in patients with chronic Otitis Media (COM) and it’s different parameters. 207 patients with persistent or previous otorrhea have been examined. 70 patients had bilateral otorrhea and 137 patients had unilateral problem so overall 277 ears are evaluated. The BC greater than 15 dB without carhartnotch was the basis for diagnosis of SNHL. 66 patients had SNHL and of them 26 cases were bilateral so total number of ears with SNHL were 92 (The incidence of SNHL was 32.2%). 3 cases were due to other causes like TB (1 case) RM fistula (1 case) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of middle ear (1 case). About 90.3% of cases had down slooping high frequency SNHL in their audiogram. In 47.6% of the ears with granulation tissue and cholesteatoma had SNHL while 28.7% of cases with chronic perforation revealed SNHL. Analysis of this study showed that there is a probability of increased SNHL during old ages the cases of prolonged and persisted otorrhea also revealed a higher incidence of SNHL. We didn’t disclose correlation between age and severity of SNHL.

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Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Histologic grading is one of the prognostic factors in breast cancer. The present study performed in analytic descriptive method and based on the slide review of beast biopsies received in the pathology department of 5th Azar Hospital from 1976 to 1978, and on the basis of Bloom-Richardson criteria (Mitoses, tubule formation and nuclear pleomorphism). The results are consist of: 1) Infiltrating duct carcinoma is the most common histopathologic form, and tubular carcinoma is the least common 2) The most common age is 36-45 years 3) There is meaningful relationship between mitoses and tubule formation and between pleomorphism and tubule formation. But there is no relation between nuclear pleomorphism and tubule formation in the tumor. Histologic grading of breast carcinoma should be reported by pathologist for clear determination of prognosis and also the best choice for management of the tumors.