1. Claro R, Sousa R, Massada M, Ramos J, M Lourenço J. Bilateral posterior fracture-dislocation of the shoulder: Report of two cases. Int J Shoulder Surg. 2009 Apr;3(2):41-45. doi: 10.4103/0973-6042.57935. [DOI] [PubMed]

2. Basal O, Dincer R, Turk B. Locked posterior dislocation of the shoulder: A systematic review. EFORT Open Rev. 2018 Jan;3(1):15-23. doi: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.160089. [DOI] [PubMed]

3. Sheehan SE, Gaviola G, Sacks A, Gordon R, Shi LL, Smith SE. Traumatic shoulder injuries: a force mechanism analysis of complex injuries to the shoulder girdle and proximal humerus. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013 Sep;201(3):W409-24. doi: 10.2214/AJR.12.9987. [DOI] [PubMed]

4. Robinson CM, Akhtar A, Mitchell M, Beavis C. Complex posterior fracture-dislocation of the shoulder. Epidemiology, injury patterns, and results of operative treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007 Jul;89(7):1454-66. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.F.01214. [DOI] [PubMed]

5. Kokkalis ZT, Iliopoulos ID, Antoniou G, Antoniadou T, Mavrogenis AF, et al. Posterior shoulder fracture-dislocation: an update with treatment algorithm. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2017 Apr;27(3):285-94. doi: 10.1007/s00590-016-1840-5. [DOI] [PubMed]

6. Rouleau DM, Hebert-Davies J. Incidence of associated injury in posterior shoulder dislocation: systematic review of the literature. J Orthop Trauma. 2012 Apr;26(4):246-51. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0b013e3182243909. [DOI] [PubMed]

7. Schnetzke M, Bockmeyer J, Loew M, Studier-Fischer S, Grützner PA, Guehring T. Rate of avascular necrosis after fracture dislocations of the proximal humerus: Timing of surgery. Obere Extrem. 2018;13(4):273-78. doi: 10.1007/s11678-018-0452-6. [DOI] [PubMed]

8. Castagna A, Delle Rose G, Borroni M, Markopoulos N, Conti M, Maradei L, et al. Modified MacLaughlin procedure in the treatment of neglected posterior dislocation of the shoulder. Chir Organi Mov. 2009 Apr;93(Suppl 1):S1-5. doi: 10.1007/s12306-009-0001-y. [DOI] [PubMed]

9. Gokkus K, Sagtas E, Kara H, Aydin AT. Posterior Shoulder Dislocation Associated With the Head (Splitting) and Humeral Neck Fracture: Impact of Understanding Radiologic Signs and Experience With an Extended Deltopectoral Approach. Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg. 2018 Jun;22(2):57-64. doi: 10.1097/BTH.0000000000000190. [DOI] [PubMed]

10. Chesser TJ, Langdon IJ, Ogilvie C, Sarangi PP, Clarke AM. Fractures involving splitting of the humeral head. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2001 Apr;83(3):423-26. doi: 10.1302/0301-620x.83b3.11218. [DOI] [PubMed]

11. Paparoidamis G, Iliopoulos E, Narvani AA, Levy O, Tsiridis E, Polyzois I. Posterior shoulder fracture-dislocation: A systematic review of the literature and current aspects of management. Chin J Traumatol. 2021 Feb;24(1):18-24. doi: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2020.09.001. [DOI] [PubMed]

12. Pangopoulos A, Papagiannis S, Koutas K, Kokkalis ZT. Bilateral Locked Posterior Fracture-Dislocation of the Shoulder After Epileptic Seizures Secondary to Cavernous Hemangioma: A Case Report and Literature Review. Am J Case Rep. 2023 Jun;24:e940141. doi: 10.12659/AJCR.940141. [DOI] [PubMed]

13. Morán N, Marsalli M, Vargas M, De la Paz J, Cartaya M. Good functional results with open reduction and internal fixation for locked posterior shoulder fracture-dislocation: a case series. Clin Shoulder Elb. 2022 Dec;25(4):288-95. doi: 10.5397/cise.2022.00892. [DOI] [PubMed]

14. Martinez AA, Navarro E, Iglesias D, Domingo J, Calvo A, Carbonel I. Long-term follow-up of allograft reconstruction of segmental defects of the humeral head associated with posterior dislocation of the shoulder. Injury. 2013 Apr;44(4):488-91. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2012.10.027. [DOI] [PubMed]

15. Robinson CM, Aderinto J. Posterior shoulder dislocations and fracture-dislocations. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005 Mar;87(3):639-50. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.D.02371. [DOI] [PubMed]

16. Fiorentino G, Cepparulo R, Lunini E, Guardoli A, Berni L, Fontanarosa A, et al. Posterior shoulder fracture-dislocation: double approach treatment. Our experience. Acta Biomed. 2016 Sep;87(2):184-90. [PubMed]

17. Saadat W, Monga P. Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Posterior Fracture Dislocation of the Shoulder Made Easy! J Orthop Case Rep. 2017 Nov-Dec;7(6):24-26. doi: 10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.934. [DOI] [PubMed]

18. Jabran A, Peach C, Zou Z, Ren L. Biomechanical comparison of screw-based zoning of PHILOS and Fx proximal humerus plates. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2018 Jul 25;19(1):253. doi: 10.1186/s12891-018-2185-5. [DOI] [PubMed]

19. Gavaskar AS, Karthik B B, Tummala NC, Srinivasan P, Gopalan H. Second generation locked plating for complex proximal humerus fractures in very elderly patients. Injury. 2016 Nov;47(11):2534-38. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2016.08.010. [DOI] [PubMed]

20. Branca Vergano L, Landi S, Monesi M. Locked posterior fracture-dislocation of the shoulder. Acta Biomed. 2019 Dec;90(12-S):139-46. doi: 10.23750/abm.v90i12-S.8972. [DOI] [PubMed]