Jorjani Biomedicine Journal

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Background & Objective: Cattle Slaughterhouses are one of the main centers of wastewater producing facilities with high pollution load, which in the absence of proper treatment can cause a lot of environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Industrial slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plant in the city of Sanandaj in 2012. Method: This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted in the laboratory of faculty of health, university of medical sciences in Sanandaj in the year 2012 for three months. Weekly tests of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) and in total 24 times sampling of input and output for the treatment plant was performed instantly. The experiments were based on the latest proposed method in the book of standard method (the Examination of Water and Wastewater) and at the end, Microsoft EXCEL software was used for data analysis. Results: The average COD, BOD and TSS entering the plant were 2036.69 ± 61, 1216.5 ± 220 and 791.12 ± 147 milligrams per liter and their average output from the plant were 747.71 ± 17, 517.5 ± 8 and 306.51 ± 8 milligrams per liter and the total average of removal efficiency for each of these parameters were 63.29 ± 3 percent, 57.45 ± 2 percent and 61.25 ± 5 percentage respectively. Conclusion: The quality of output effluent from treatment plant of cattle slaughterhouse in Sanandaj, in almost all months was not according to effluent disposal standards and generally, the efficiency of this treatment plant is not desirable in removal of contaminants. Therefore, its efficiency should be improved by using appropriate methods.

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Background & Objectives: Defect in Immune responses, such as immunosuppression is one of the major causes of AML pathogenesis and progression which could be targeted for immunotherapy of these patients. CD200 and IDO are immunoregulatory factors which are overexpressed in some solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Distinct researches have shown that CD200 and IDO expressions are associated with AML progression. In the current study, we simultaneously examined the expression of these molecules, as the two important factors including in immunosuppression, in the newly diagnosed and relapse AML patients to investigate their correlation with each other.

Methods: In this study, 48 Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) samples of newly diagnosed and relapsed AML patients were tested and also 32 PBMCs of normal subjects were employed as normal controls. CD200 expression level was examined on the cells by Flowcytometry and quantitative real time RT-PCR was used to determine the IDO-1 gene expression. Finally data were analyzed statistically by Spss 17 software.

Results: Our data showed that CD200 (P=0.02) and IDO-1 (P=0.44) were overexpressed in AML samples especially in relapsed patients. Comparison between FAB AML subgroups demonstrated no statistical differences regarding CD200 level but expression of IDO-1 was slightly increased only in M4 subgroup in comparison to M3 (P=0.01). Correlation analyses showed strong association between the expressions of CD200 and IDO-1 in all patients particularly in relapsed AML, whereas no significant correlation was found in normal subjects.  

Conclusion: According to the role and overexpression of CD200 and IDO-1 in AML patients and also their two-way correlation with T-reg lymphocytes in disease induction and progression, simultaneous assessment of these parameters are so valuable for more exact prognosis detection. Also inhibition of all these immunoregulatory pathways could be so useful for immunotherapy outcome, especially in relapsed AML. 

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Background and Objectives: Human is a multidimensional creature and spiritual domain is the central dimension which has an undeniable effect on gaining health. The most important part of nursing care with family based approach is to help people in achieving optimal level of health. On the other hand, religious attitudes and spiritual health is an important domain of life in ageing period. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the religious attitudes and spiritual health among elderly inpatients in Shahrekord hospitals.

Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted in 1392 in Shahrekord hospitals. A total of 308 geriatric patients who were admitted to a surgical ward, were recruited through random sampling. Two sets of questionnaires regarding religious and spiritual health were used as the instruments. After collecting the data, descriptive (frequency, mean, variance, standard deviation) and analytical (independent t test, Pearson correlation) statistics were used by SPSS statistical software.

Results: The results showed that 68.8% of patients possessed large religious attitude with an average of 140.68 ±30.14. Spiritual health in 51.3 percent of samples was described to be low while the obtained average score was 86.18 ± 16.61. However, Pearson test showed that there is a positive significant correlation between religious attitudes and spiritual health (r =0.83, P =0.05).

Conclusions: The present study revealed that there is a significant relationship between religious attitudes and spiritual health and people with high religious attitudes have high spiritual health.

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Background and objectives: Endometrial tissue growth and its activity outside the uterus cause endometriosis. It has been suggested that various epigenetic deviations play a major role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1; NR5A1) is an essential transcription factor for estrogen biosynthesis in endometrial cells. The expression of SF-1 in endometriosis and lack of expression in normal endometrium is primarily determined by its promoter methylation. Here, we aimed to compare the methylation status of the SF-1 gene promoter region in women with endometriosis in comparison to healthy subjects.
Methods: In the present case–control study, DNA was extracted from 25 endometrial tissue samples from women with endometriosis and 5 normal post-hysterectomy endometrium tissues which were collected from Tabriz hospitals including Vali-e-Asr, Taleghani, 29 Bahman and Shams in 2016. The obtained DNA samples were subjected to Bisulfite-treatment. Finally, the status of SF-1gene promoter methylation was evaluated by methylation specific PCR method. Statistical analyses including descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted using tables, bar charts by statistical software SPSS version 20 and independence test.
Results: The methylation status of SF-1 gene promoter was decreased significantly in endometriosis samples (P<0.05).  
Conclusion: SF-1 gene promoter hypomethylation could increase the relative expression of SF-1 gene in endometriosis which may lead to the development or progression of the disease.