en بهداشت Health تحقیقی Original article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><b>Background:</b> Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease (AD) disrupts hippocampal oxidant-antioxidant balance. Although endurance training, saffron, and crocin have shown antioxidant benefits individually, their comparative effects in Alzheimer&rsquo;s models are not well established. The present study investigated changes in hippocampal oxidant-antioxidant markers in trimethyltin (TMT)-induced Alzheimer&rsquo;s rats following eight weeks of endurance training (ET), with or without saffron (S) and crocin (Cr) supplementation.<br> <b>Methods:</b> The current study was performed on 49 male Sprague-Dawley rats (age: 8 weeks old, weight: ~220 g). Forty-two rats received TMT (8 mg/kg, [intraperitoneal] IP) and were randomly assigned to six groups: (1) AD, (2) ET, (3) S, (4) Cr, (5) ET+S, and (6) ET+Cr. Seven healthy rats served as controls (HC). Training groups ran on a treadmill for eight weeks (5 sessions/week, 15-30 min/session, 15-20 m/min). S and Cr groups received daily IP injections (25 mg/kg). Forty-eight hours following the intervention, hippocampal tissue was collected to measure superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey&rsquo;s post hoc test (SPSS software [version 22], P &le; 0.05).<br> <b>Results:</b> Compared to the AD group, MDA levels decreased by 35-56%, and SOD levels increased by 193-257% in all the intervention groups. Moreover, TAC levels showed marked improvement, rising by 185%, 220%, 253%, 309%, and 335% in Cr, S, ET, ET+Cr, and ET+S groups, respectively (P < 0.05). The aforementioned findings highlight the superior antioxidant response in the combined intervention groups, compared to the response in single treatments (P < 0.05).<br> <b>Conclusion</b>: Endurance training, saffron, and crocin improved hippocampal antioxidant status in Alzheimer&rsquo;s rats, with combined interventions yielding superior effects.</span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> Endurance training, Saffron, Crocin, Alzheimer’s disease, Total Antioxidant Capacity 31 36 http://goums.ac.ir/jorjanijournal/browse.php?a_code=A-10-869-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Fatemeh Akbari m_akbari_679@yahoo.com 100319475328460010564 100319475328460010564 Yes Department of Sport Sciences, Dar.C, Islamic Azad University, Darab, Iran Mehrzad Moghadasi mehrzad.moghadasi@gmail.com 100319475328460010565 100319475328460010565 No Department of Sport Sciences, Shi.C., Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran Omid Reza Salehi omidreza.67salehi@gmail.com 100319475328460010566 100319475328460010566 No Department of Sport Sciences, Pishtazan Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz, Iran